Abstract: An increasing number of large engineering projects is being carried out in the hilly loess areas in China. In order to obtain sufficient usable area in limited space, it is usually necessary to dig a mountain to fill the ditch and to form a large number of high fill slopes of more than 40m in height. Their geological conditions are complex. Their mechanical properties are very different. Their construction is difficult. The deformation and stability problems of high fill slopes is prominent. High fill slope engineering has become one of the most dangerous human engineering activities in the loess area, which seriously affect the economic construction and urbanization process in the loess area. This paper takes a high fill slope as the research object, combines the field investigation and investigation data, understands the geological profile of the study area and establishes the generalized model of the loading process of the high fill slope. It studies deformation and monitoring analysis of the backfill structure of the high fill slope. It analyzes the mechanical-deformation response characteristics of high fill slope during loading process by numerical simulation. It is of great theoretical and engineering significance to study the deformation of the anti-slide pile and the inter-pile retaining structure and the stress analysis of the anchor cable on the high embankment slope of loess. The study of deformation and monitoring analysis of the backfill structure of the high fill slope is of great theoretical and engineering significance to study the mechanics and deformation response characteristics of the loading process and to study the deformation of the anti-slide pile, the inter-pile retaining structure and the force of the anchor cable.