Abstract: Based on the theory of engineering geomechanics of rock mass founded by Professor Gu Dezhen, a concept of mine hydrogeological structure was proposed based on the idea of hydrogeological structure. The types of mine water hazards was reclassified based on the concept of mine hydrogeological structure, combined with the macroscopic geological background of mines in China and foundations of mine water disaster research and controlling. The analysis of the responses of mine hydrogeological structure on mining activity provides a new idea to mine water hazard prevention and safe mining from the points of groundwater sources, pathways and mining influence, combining with the study of case histories, such as water and sand inrush, groundwater inrush from seam floor. This study shows that engineering geomechanics of rock mass plays an important role and has a strong guiding role in research of hydrogeological and engineering geological issues for coal mines.