Abstract: The section of the Jinsha River from Benzilan to Zhendaxiang is located at the junction of the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Hengduan Mountains. The area is characterized by intense geological activities, leading to frequent landslide disasters. In order to further understand the distribution patterns of landslides in the reservoir area of the hydroelectric station from Benzilan to Zhendaxiang and its associated factors, based on the investigation and remote sensing identification of 189 landslides in this region, the study explores the patterns of landslide distribution in this area. The relevant controlling factors and their impact on the distribution patterns of landslides were explored. Moreover, the main controlling factors are determined through correlation analysis heatmaps. The results indicate: (1) The primary controlling factor for the distribution patterns of landslides in the area is slope structure, followed by engineering geological lithology and topography. (2) The distribution of anticlinal slopes, which is the primary structure in this region, has a significant impact on the development of landslides. The presence of anticlinal slopes provides a foundation for slow deformation in the process of rock mass deformation and failure, leading to the accumulation of weathered and fragmented rock masses in situ, forming the sliding body. (3) The spatial distribution of landslides shows distinct variations due to the distribution of engineering geological lithology. Landslides are most developed in relatively soft rock formations, accounting for 50.8% of the total. (4) Landslides mainly occur in steep to extremely steep medium-sized undulating mountainous terrain. The slope gradient of landslides ranges mostly from 15°to 41°, with the highest concentration between 25°and 33°, predominantly in an east-west direction. (5) Fault structures and river morphology control the local distribution of landslides, and there is a clear negative correlation between fault distances and the number of developed landslides. The research findings hold significant implications for regional landslide disaster prevention and economic stability and development.