Abstract: The Tibetan Plateau is an essential ecological barrier and strategic resource for China, hosting numerous significant engineering projects. These projects offer substantial development opportunities but also present ecological and geological challenges due to the region's complex and fragile environment. Addressing these challenges requires solutions to identify disturbances, understand impact mechanisms, and develop resilient ecological technologies. This study examines the primary impacts and mechanisms of major engineering projects on the plateau's ecological and geological environment, establishing a preliminary technical system for identifying and restoring related issues:(1)Conducting comprehensive, multi-scale investigations to develop techniques for diagnosing ecological and geological problems associated with major projects. (2)Utilizing interdisciplinary research across geology, materials science, ecology, and engineering to understand feedback mechanisms between geological bodies, engineering structures, and organisms, and to enhance ecological durability and disaster prevention. (3)Developing ecological restoration models for various scenarios, such as fragmented geological bodies and frost-resistant slopes, using methods like low-carbon grouting and polymer freeze-thaw reinforcement, and creating near-natural vegetation reconstruction technologies. (4)Establishing integrated technology that combines solution design, biological adaptation, and durability enhancement to improve self-maintenance capabilities of ecological restoration. This research aims to provide scientific references and technical support for understanding the impacts of major engineering projects on the plateau, guiding future ecological restoration plans, technology configurations, project layouts, and long-term monitoring.