人工降雨条件下冲沟型泥石流起动试验研究

倪化勇

doi:10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2015.01.016

人工降雨条件下冲沟型泥石流起动试验研究

doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2015.01.016

倪化勇

成都地质矿产研究所成都 610081

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目(41102226),科技基础性工作专项(2011FY110100-1)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
倪化勇(1979-),男,硕士,副研究员,主要从事泥石流灾害预测预报、评价与灾害地貌研究. Email: nihuayong@126.com

中图分类号: P642.23
计量
- 文章访问数: 2781
- HTML全文浏览量: 175
- PDF下载量: 567
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-01-02
- 修回日期: 2014-05-28
- 刊出日期: 2015-02-25

FIELD EXPERIMENTS FOR GROOVE-TYPE DEBRIS FLOW INITIATION WITH ARTIFICIAL RAINFALL

NI Huayong

Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081

摘要

摘要: 下垫面以位于贡嘎山东坡的熊家沟为模型,开展了不同降雨强度条件下冲沟型泥石流起动的模拟试验,初步研究了冲沟型泥石流的形成机理和演化特征.试验研究表明:(1)在强降雨条件下,水体入渗速度、不同深度土体含水量变化与降雨强度呈反比例关系,降雨强度越大,越不利于水体入渗,而有利于坡面汇流、冲沟径流和下切侵蚀; (2)在强降雨和径流条件下,土体破坏方式、破坏程度以及泥石流形成机理表现出差异性.相对较小雨强降雨条件下,土体破坏方式以滑坡为主,泥石流形成模式表现为滑坡液化与转化起动,雨强较大降雨条件下,土体破坏方式以侵蚀垮塌为主,泥石流形成模式为洪流席卷垮塌体和沟床揭底; (3)起动试验中泥石流阵性特征明显.在强降雨条件下,雨强与泥石流的规模、黏度之间没有正相关性,雨强越大,泥石流黏度越小,试验中多出现的是高含砂洪流,而相对较小雨强作用下由土体液化转化形成的泥石流黏度较大.试验现象和结果与熊家沟泥石流起动、发生过程具有较高的一致性.
- 冲沟型泥石流 /
- 人工降雨 /
- 模拟试验 /
- 雨强 /
- 形成机理 /
- 熊家沟
Abstract: Debris flows can occur abruptly and rapidly in mountainous areas. It is difficult to observe their occurrence process. Therefore, field experiment becomes an important method to study debris flow initiation mechanism in recent years. This paper takes Xiongjia gully as an example and uses artificial rainfall experiment to study initiation of groove-type debris flow. Experimental results indicate some relations among rainfall intensity and gully erosion, slope stability and failure mode, debris flow initiation mechanism and characteristics. Conclusions are drawn as follows:(1)Under strong precipitation, infiltration rate and soil water content at different depths are inversely proportional with rainfall intensity. Intense rainfall favors overland flow, gully runoff and erosion, but is not conducive to water infiltration. (2)Slope failure modes and debris flow initiation mechanism are various under different rainfall and runoff conditions. Under the condition with rainfall intensity of 55mmh-1, the slope failure mode presents soil liquefaction and landslide. Accordingly, debris flow initiation mechanism belongs to landslide conversion. However, under the condition of intense rainfall and runoff, gully beds are easily to be eroded and slopes are prone to collapse. Then, debris flows occurred with initiation mechanism of entrainment. (3)In terms of debris flow characteristics, debris flow occurrence process consists of several intermittent flows. In addition, debris flow magnitude and flow viscosity are not consistent with rainfall intensity. On the contrary, under condition of intense rainfall of 65mmh-1 and 75mmh-1,debris flows tend to be watery. But with rainfall condition of 55mmh-1, the flow viscosity is higher. The experimental results are well consistent with the natural debris flow occurrence at Xioangjia gully.
- Groove-type debris flow /
- Artificial rainfall /
- Simulation experiment /
- Rainfall intensity /
- Initiation mechanism /
- Xiongjia gully

HTML全文

参考文献(1)

Caine N. 1980. The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows[J]. Geografiska Annaler, 62A : 23～27.

Chen N S, Zhou W, Yang C L, et al. 2010. Clay content impect on the mechanism of gravel soil failure and debris flow initiation[J]. Geomorphology, 121 : 222～230.

Chen X Q, Cui P, Feng Z L, et al. 2006. Artificial rainfall experimental study on landslide translation to debris flow[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 25 (1): 106～116.

Cong W Q, Pan M, Li T F, et al. 2006. Quantitative analysis of critical rainfalltriggered debris flows[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 25 (S1): 2808～2812.

Cui P. 1992. Studies on condition and mechanism of debris flow initiation by means of experiment[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 37 (9): 759～763.

Guzzetti F, Peruccacci S, Rossi M, et al. 2008. The rainfall intensity duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: An update[J]. Landslides, 5 (1):3～17.

Hu M J, Wang R. 2003. Testing study on the correlation among landslide, debris flow and rainfall in Jiangjia valley[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 22 (5): 824～828.

Li C, Zhu W H, Lu X B, et al. 2010. Study on landslide translating into debris flow under rainfall[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 43 (S): 499～505.

Liu J J, Li Y, Cheng Z L, et al. 2008. Decaying of discharge of intermittent debris flow[J]. Journal of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 25 (2): 177～154.

Ni H Y, Tang C. 2014. Advances in the physical simulation experiment on debris flow initiation in China[J]. Advances in Water Science, 25 (4):606～613.

Ni H Y, Wang D W. 2010. Present status, problem and advice on the research of prediction and forecasting of debris flow based on rainfall condition[J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 25 (1): 124～128.

Ni H Y, Zheng W M, Li Z L, et al. 2010. Recent catastrophic debris flows in Luding county, SW China: geological hazards, rainfall analysis and dynamic characterisitcs[J]. Natural Hazards, 55 (2): 523～542.

Wang X K, Fang D. 2000. Study on laws of debris model similarity[J]. Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition), 32 (3): 9～12.

Xie M S, Wang Y J, Zhang H J et al. 1993. The deposite analysis of water dynamic conditions to form debris flow and to set up mathematical model in debris flow valley[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 15 (4): 1～11.

Xu Y N, Cao Y B, Zhang J H, et al. 2009. Research on starting of mine debris flow based on artificial simulation experiment in Xiaoqinling gold area[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28 (7): 1388～1395.

Zhang L P, Tang K L, Zhang P C, et al. 1999. Experiments of artificial simulation rainfall and setting water initiating accumulated material in debris flow origin place[J]. Journal of Mountain Science, 17 (1): 45～49.

Zhuang J, Cui P, Peng J, et al. 2013. Initiation process of debris flows on different slopes due to surface flow and trigger-specific strategies for mitigating post～earthquake in old Beichuan county, China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 68 (5): 1391～1403.

陈晓清, 崔鹏, 冯自立,等. 2006. 滑坡转化泥石流起动的人工降雨试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 25 (1): 106～116.

丛威清, 潘懋, 李铁锋,等. 2006. 降雨型泥石流临界雨量定量分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 25 (增1): 2808～2812.

胡明鉴, 汪稔. 2003. 蒋家沟流域暴雨滑坡泥石流共生关系试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 22 (5): 824～828.

李驰, 朱文会, 鲁晓兵,等. 2010. 降雨作用下滑坡转化泥石流分析研究[J]. 土木工程学报, 43 (增): 499～505.

刘晶晶, 李泳, 程尊兰,等. 2008. 阵性泥石流的流量衰减特征[J]. 中国科学院研究生院学报, 25 (2): 177～154.

倪化勇,唐川. 2014. 中国泥石流起动物理模拟实验研究进展[J]. 水科学进展, 25 (4):606～613.

倪化勇, 王德伟. 2010. 基于雨量(强)条件的泥石流预测预报研究现状、问题与建议[J]. 灾害学, 25 (1): 124～128.

王协康, 方铎. 2000. 泥石流模型试验相似律分析[J]. 四川大学学报(工程科学版), 32 (3): 9～12.

解明曙, 王玉杰, 张洪江等. 1993. 沟道松散堆积物形成泥石流的水动力条件分析及其数学模型[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 15 (4): 1～11.

徐友宁, 曹琰波, 张江华等. 2009. 基于人工模拟试验的小秦岭金矿区矿渣型泥石流起动研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 28 (7): 1388～1395.

张丽萍, 唐克丽, 张平仓,等. 1999. 泥石流源地松散体起动人工降雨模拟及放水冲刷实验[J]. 山地学报, 17 (1): 45～49.

施引文献

资源附件(0)

访问统计