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CURRENT STATUS AND NEW PROGRESS ON SLOPE DEFORMATION MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES
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摘要: 滑坡地质灾害一直是社会高度关注的问题之一，近年来我国多地发生了由地震、降雨、水库运行和工程建设等触发的高边坡过大变形事故，有时甚至导致大型滑坡、泥石流，严重危害到人们的生命和财产安全。边坡变形的监测技术和方法在最近一个时期得到了飞速的发展，在保证边坡稳定性、验证支挡措施效果、提高滑坡预警预报水平等方面发挥了重要的作用。本文在简要介绍传统边坡变形监测技术及其不足的基础上，阐述了近十余年间国内外边坡变形监测技术的最新发展和应用现状，重点分析和对比了分布式光纤传感等新型监测技术的特点。最后，对边坡变形监测技术未来的发展方向提出了一些研究思路。Abstract: Landslide is a critical geological disaster that has drawn general concern of the society. Earthquakes, rainfalls, reservoir operations and construction activities frequently induce large movements of high slopes and even trigger landslides or debris flows, which poses a significant threat to human lives and properties. In recent years, the monitoring technologies of slope deformation have been rapidly developed and played an increasingly important role in ensuring slope stability, verifying the effect of reinforcing measures, enhancing early warning of landslides, et al. This paper briefly introduces the conventional slope deformation monitoring technologies and their shortcomings. The latest development and applications of slope deformation monitoring technologies at home and abroad in the past few decades are presented in detail, followed by a comparison of the features of these technologies, especially the distributed fiber optic sensing technology. Finally, some research suggestions are proposed for future development of slope deformation monitoring technologies.
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Key words:
- Slope stability /
- Landslide warning /
- Monitoring technology /
- Deformation mechanism
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图 2 TDR边坡监测系统(唐然等，2007)
Figure 2. TDR slope monitoring system (Tang et al., 2007)
图 3 测斜仪与TDR监测曲线对比(晏鄂川等，2010)
Figure 3. Comparison of displacement measurements from the inclinometer and TDR (Yan et al., 2010)
图 4 BOTDA传感原理示意图(朱鸿鹄等，2013)
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of BOTDA sensing technology (Zhu et al., 2013)
图 5 SAA结构示意图(倪克闯等，2014)
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of SAA (Ni et al., 2014)
表 1 传统边坡监测技术和仪器及其不足
Table 1. Traditional slope monitoring technology and its shortages
监测内容 监测方法 主要监测仪器 不足 地表变形监测 大地测量法、测缝法 经纬仪、水准仪、测距仪、钢卷尺、游标卡尺等 监测效率较低，难以实时监测地表位移的变化，光学仪器受环境气候及地形条件的影响 深部变形监测 钻孔测斜法、竖井测斜法 钻孔测斜仪、多点位移计等 监测周期较长，所用设备和仪器成本较高 结构应力监测 监测岩土体应力 岩体应力计、土压力盒、收敛计、微变仪等 易受潮湿、强酸、强碱、锈蚀等环境影响 环境因素监测 采用各类传感器监测土体含水率、地下水位、孔隙水压力、降雨量 土壤含水率计、水位计、孔压计、雨量计等 自动化程度低，监测参数较单一，仪器安装繁琐，仪器成本较高 
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