黄土边坡降雨冲刷模型试验研究

杜婷婷 李志清 王晓明 白雅伟 秦道天 陈武 王昊森

杜婷婷, 李志清, 王晓明, 白雅伟, 秦道天, 陈武, 王昊森. 2018: 黄土边坡降雨冲刷模型试验研究. 工程地质学报, 26(3): 732-740. doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2017-252
引用本文: 杜婷婷, 李志清, 王晓明, 白雅伟, 秦道天, 陈武, 王昊森. 2018: 黄土边坡降雨冲刷模型试验研究. 工程地质学报, 26(3): 732-740. doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2017-252
DU Tingting, LI Zhiqing, WANG Xiaoming, BAI Yawei, QIN Daotian, CHEN Wu, WANG Haosen. 2018: MODEL EXPERIMENT STUDY ON EROSION OF LOESS SLOPE DUE TO RAINFALL. JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY, 26(3): 732-740. doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2017-252
Citation: DU Tingting, LI Zhiqing, WANG Xiaoming, BAI Yawei, QIN Daotian, CHEN Wu, WANG Haosen. 2018: MODEL EXPERIMENT STUDY ON EROSION OF LOESS SLOPE DUE TO RAINFALL. JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY, 26(3): 732-740. doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2017-252

黄土边坡降雨冲刷模型试验研究

doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2017-252
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金项目 41790442

国家自然科学基金项目 41672316

中国科学院青年创新促进会项目 2017092

河南省交通运输厅科技项目 2017Z3

中国科学院关键技术人才项目

详细信息
    作者简介:

    杜婷婷(1990-), 女, 硕士生, 地质工程专业, 主要从事岩土工程方向研究.Email:dutting_604@163.com

    通讯作者:

    李志清(1981-), 男, 博士, 高级工程师, 硕士生导师, 主要从事特殊土力学、公路工程等方面的科研工作.Email:lizhiq-2002@163.com

  • 中图分类号: P642

MODEL EXPERIMENT STUDY ON EROSION OF LOESS SLOPE DUE TO RAINFALL

  • 摘要: 针对边坡表层受降雨冲刷易引发水土流失并导致滑坡灾害的难题, 以黄土边坡为例, 提出了一种基于减排水理念的生态固坡综合防护方法。采用自主研制的边坡降雨模拟实验装置, 考虑不同改良剂掺量、格构防护形式、雨强、历时、坡比等因素对防护效果的影响, 研究不同因素组合影响下的边坡土体侵蚀规律与演化机理。试验结果表明, 黄土边坡坡面侵蚀可归纳为溅蚀、片蚀、沟蚀、坍塌、滑坡的过程; 随改良剂掺量增加, 改良边坡抗侵蚀能力增强, 综合考虑提出改良剂的最优掺量为3‰; 与素土边坡相比, 3‰改良剂改良边坡受雨强的影响较小; 随降雨历时增加, 改良剂改良效果越明显; 改良剂、框格梁以及两者的综合利用, 均能有效提高边坡抗雨水冲刷与侵蚀能力; 边坡坡度增大至一定程度, 坡体受降雨侵蚀易突然发生整体滑塌, 需进行重点关注; 改良剂主要通过絮凝作用使土颗粒之间镶嵌黏结更紧密, 从而提高黄土的持水性和抗蚀性。
  • 图  1  边坡降雨冲刷模拟装置

    ①.流量表; ②.降雨雾化喷头; ③.降雨架; ④.模型槽; ⑤.导水槽; ⑥.集水桶

    Figure  1.  The simulation device for slope rainfall erosion

    图  2  降雨条件下坡面侵蚀的演变过程

    a.5 min; b.10 min; c.15 min; d.25 min; e.35 min; f.45 min

    Figure  2.  Evolution process of slope surface rainfall erosion

    图  3  冲刷速度随降雨历时的变化曲线

    Figure  3.  Change curve of scour velocity with rainfall duration

    图  4  45 min后各边坡冲刷情况

    a.素土; b.1‰PMP; c.2‰PMP; d.3‰PMP; e.4‰PMP; f.6‰PMP

    Figure  4.  The slope erosion situation after 45 min

    图  5  不同工况下的黄土侵蚀累积量

    Figure  5.  Cumulative quantity of loess erosion under different working conditions

    图  6  降雨45 min后各工况边坡侵蚀现象对比图

    a.工况1;b.工况2;c.工况4;d.工况7;e.工况8;f.工况9

    Figure  6.  The slope erosion phenomenon after 45 min

    图  7  累积冲刷量随雨强的变化

    Figure  7.  Change curve of cumulative erosion with rainfall intensity

    图  8  25 min后不同雨强下的素土坡体

    a.70 mm h-1; b.100 mm h-1; c.140 mm h-1

    Figure  8.  Soil slope under different rainfall intensity after 25 min

    图  9  降雨15 min累积冲刷量随坡比的变化

    Figure  9.  Change of cumulative erosion with slope ratio after 15 min

    图  10  坡体滑塌

    a.素土坡体; b.3‰改良坡体

    Figure  10.  Landslide

    图  11  素黄土SEM图像

    a.×100;b.×500;c.×1000;d.×2000;e.×5000;f.×10000

    Figure  11.  The SEM images of loess

    图  12  改良黄土SEM图像

    ×100;b.×500;c.×1000;d.×2000;e.×5000;f.×10000

    Figure  12.  The SEM of modified loess

    表  1  试验用土参数

    Table  1.   Parameters of experimental soil

    土的类型改良剂掺量/‰ 密度/g·cm-3 含水率/% 塑限ωp/% 液限ωL/% 抗剪强度参数 崩解性 湿陷性
    c /kPa φ /(°)
    原状土 1.60 13.5 14.5 31.6 55.0 30.3
    改良重塑土 0 1.60 13.5 14.5 31.6 4.7 22.8
    1 1.60 13.5 15.2 32.3 7.0 24.3
    2 1.60 13.5 14.5 34.6 13.2 23.2
    3 1.60 13.5 14.5 37.4 15.1 24.7
    4 1.60 13.5 14.7 39.9 18.6 24.2
    6 1.61 13.5 13.2 42.3 22.4 26.0
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同工况表

    Table  2.   Different working table

    工况编号 素土 改良剂改良土 框格梁 坡比 雨强/mm·h-1
    1 1︰1 70
    2 1‰ 1︰1 70
    3 2‰ 1︰1 70
    4 3‰ 1︰1 70
    5 4‰ 1︰1 70
    6 6‰ 1︰1 70
    7 1︰1 70
    8 1‰ 1︰1 70
    9 3‰ 1︰1 70
    10 1︰1 100
    11 3‰ 1︰1 100
    12 1︰1 140
    13 3‰ 1︰1 140
    14 1︰0.75 70
    15 3‰ 1︰0.75 70
    16 1︰1.25 70
    17 3‰ 1︰1.25 70
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  冲刷速度降低率

    Table  3.   Reduction rate of scour velocity

    改良剂掺量/‰ 冲刷速度降低率α/%
    5min 10min 15min 25min 35min 45min
    1 32.4 7.1 53.7 72.9 76.6 77.1
    2 45.4 59.2 82.9 93.8 94.9 94.7
    3 83.4 83.2 91.3 96.2 96.7 95
    4 52.1 62.9 85.6 95 95.4 94.8
    6 52.5 70.6 89.4 96.5 97.2 97.4
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  各工况下的累积冲刷量降低率

    Table  4.   Reduction rate of cumulative erosion under various operating conditions

    工况情况 素土加格构梁 1‰改良土 3‰改良土 1‰改良土加格构梁 3‰改良土加格构梁
    β/%(25min) 60 77 96 92 97
    β/%(45min) 63 77 94 91 96
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2017-05-30
  • 录用日期:  2017-10-11
  • 刊出日期:  2018-06-25

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