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A LOWCOST REAL-TIME MONITORING SYSTEM FOR LANDSLIDE DEFORMAION WITH BEIDOU CLOUD
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摘要: 为了实现低成本北斗滑坡地表形变自动化监测目的，本文研制了一套基于北斗云的新型滑坡实时监测系统。包括设计了具有无线传输、云端存储以及支持Ntrip（Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol）通过互联网进行RTCM网络传输协议）协议的北斗监测接收机，开发了高效的实时数据流管理软件和高精度滑坡形变监测软件，优化了外业施工设计方案，以千元终端机、自研定位软件辅以高效云计算的解决方案为低成本滑坡监测应用提供了可能。真实数值算例结果表明，短基线情形下北斗实时监测精度E方向（东方向）优于2 mm，N方向（北方向）优于2 mm，U方向（高程方向）优于3 mm，完全能够满足滑坡高精度实时监测需求。另外，本文还将滑坡区长期北斗连续监测结果与自动全站仪精密测量结果进行了对比，两者在水平方向和高程方向上符合度均优于3 mm，具有较好的一致性。Abstract: This paper aims to achieve the automation monitoring of landslide surface deformation with a low-cost system. It proposes and adopts a high accurate real-time landslide monitoring system based on Beidou cloud. This system consists of Beidou monitoring receivers with the functions of wireless transmission, cloud storage and Ntrip protocol, the softwares of the efficient real-time data flow management, high-precision landslide deformation monitoring and positioning, and optimized design of the field operation solution. The results of practical application show that the real-time monitoring accuracy of Beidou short baseline is better than 2 mm, 3 mm and 3 mm for east, north, up compositions, respectively. It can meet the high precision requirements of real-time monitoring of landslide. This paper compares the long-term continuous monitoring results of the test landslide using the method mentioned above with the precision measurement results obtained by the automatic total station. The results show that the two methods are in good agreement with each other in the horizontal and elevation directions with better than 3 mm for difference, respectively.
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Key words:
- Beidou /
- Cloud storage receiver /
- Cloud computing /
- Landslide /
- Real-time monitoring system
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图 9 监测点系统和全站仪水平方向监测结果对比
Figure 9. Comparison of monitoring results between monitoring system and total station in the plane direction
图 10 监测点系统和全站仪高程方向监测结果对比
Figure 10. Comparison of monitoring results between monitoring system and total station on the elevation direction
表 1 系统后台信息
Table 1. Information of system background
数据库 操作系统 硬件指标 SQL Server2008 Windows Server 2008 主频2.6 Hz，内存128 GB，系统类型64位，硬盘为磁盘阵列 
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表 2 系统数据采集设备比较
Table 2. Comparison of two different systems in the data acquisition section
传统方式 北斗+云 星座 GPS GPS/BDS 成本 3~10万元 1~5千元 体积 约2.5dm3 约0.5dm3 外业方案 繁琐、工期长 部件式、工期短
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表 3 ENU方向3个方案精度统计结果
Table 3. Statistical results of three schemes in ENU directions
STD/mm E N U BDS 1.1 1.5 3.1 GPS 1.3 1.9 4.3 BDS/GPS 1.0 1.4 2.6
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表 4 水平方向统计结果
Table 4. Statistical results of plane direction
监测时间 系统水平变化量(与首期相减)/mm 全站仪水平变化量(与首期相减)/mm 系统水平变化量(与上期相减)/mm 全站仪水平变化量(与上期相减)/mm 2016.03.08 32 124 — — 2016.03.13 39 132 7 8 2016.03.20 52 142 13 10 2016.03.26 60 149 8 7 总计变化量 28 25 28 25
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表 5 高程方向统计结果
Table 5. Statistical results of elevation direction
监测时间 系统高程位移量(与首期相减)/mm 全站仪高程位移量(与首期相减)/mm 系统高程位移量(与上期相减)/mm 全站仪高程位移量(与上期相减)/mm 2016.03.08 -52 -237 — — 2016.03.13 -65 -254 -13 -17 2016.03.20 -87 -277 -22 -23 2016.03.26 -111 -293 -24 -16 总计变化量 -59 -56 -59 -56
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