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PFC STUDY ON BUILDING OF 2D AND 3D LANDSLIDE MODELS
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摘要: 滑坡运动过程模拟避免了试验尺度与监测手段的限制，可以详细观察破坏过程，是定量评估滑坡灾变风险的重要研究手段。开展滑坡运动过程模拟的首要工作是建立滑坡模型。颗粒流程序（PFC) 虽然是滑坡运动过程模拟应用最广泛的程序之一，但在建立滑坡模型的前处理方面较弱，使得其在滑坡运动过程模拟中的推广应用受到限制。对此，本文指出了Ball-Ball和Ball-Wall两种建模方法的适用性、优缺点及滑体滑床边界确定方法，并以2014年地震触发的红石岩滑坡为例，以Brick填充法为基础，从获取地形数据、确定滑体和滑床区域、建立滑体和滑床几何模型、生成颗粒模型4个步骤出发，提出了基于数字等高线地形图建立PFC二、三维复杂滑坡模型的前处理方法，弥补了PFC软件前处理的不足，从而为今后基于PFC的滑坡运动过程模拟提供有益的帮助。Abstract: Simulations of landslide run-out can avoid the limit of experiment and instrumentation. It can observe the movement processes in detail. It is essential to the quantitative hazard assessment for landslide. for the simulation of landslide movement, the primary work is to establish a landslide model. Although the Particle Flow Code (PFC) is one of the most widely used program for landslide modeling, it is weak in the pre-processing of building the landslide model. This limits its application to landslide modeling. As for this, this paper illustrates the applicability, advantages and disadvantages of the Ball-Ball and Ball-Wall methods for model building. The way to determine the boundary of sliding mass and sliding bed is presented. It is based on the digital elevation map and the Brick filling method. It takes the earthquake-induced Red Rock Landslide as an example. Four steps are presented to build 2D & 3D landslide model with PFC.The four steps are obtaining topographic data, determining the boundary of both sliding mass and sliding bed, building the geometry of both sliding mass and sliding bed, filling the geometry with particles. By this way, the 2D and 3D landslide model can be easily and quickly built with PFC.The presented method will be helpful to the simulation of landslide movement with PFC.
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图 2 红石岩滑坡前、后影像 (来自Google Earth)
a.滑坡前影像 (2013年3月)；b.滑坡后影像 (2015年5月)
Figure 2. Diagram before and after the sliding of Red Rock (from Google Earth)
图 3 滑坡前、后等高线叠加图 (比例尺1 : 2000，等高距10m)(改自中国水电顾问集团昆明勘测设计研究院航测地形图)
Figure 3. Superposition of contour map before and after the sliding of the landslide (Scale: 1 : 2000, Counter interval: 10m)
(Modified from Hydro China Kunming Engineering Corporation aerial topographic map)
图 6 Ball-Ball模型和Ball-Wall模型
a. Ball-Ball模型；b. Ball-Wall模型
Figure 6. The Ball-Ball model and Ball-Wall model
图 7 滑体顶部边界、滑床边界的三维表面模型
Figure 7. The 3D surface model of the top boundary of sliding mass and the sliding bed boundary
图 8 滑体滑床边界的Geometry导入PFC3D
Figure 8. Sliding mass and sliding bed geometry imported into PFC3D
表 1 不同模型模拟结果
Table 1. Results of different modeling methods
模型 PFC
(Ball-Ball)PFC
(Ball-Wall)ROTOMAP+DAN 滑体体积/m3 377~495 450 450 滑距/m 389 573 597 影响范围/m2 97.537 127 134.494 最大速度/m·s-1 4 29 21 
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