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RAPID TOPOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENT AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL MODELING METHOD FOR HIGH-STEEP/UPRIGHT SLOPES BASED ON AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY OF UAV
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摘要: 对复杂地形的高陡/直立边坡的地形测量及三维数值模型的建立一直是地质工作者面临的难题。近年来，无人机由于其形体小巧、机动性强以及可以获取高分辨率影像的特性在地质调查中受到了广泛的应用。本文基于低空无人机倾斜摄影技术，借助Agisoft Photoscan三维实景建模软件和基于逆向工程的Geomagic Studio强大的点云数据处理功能，结合南方CASS的地形制图功能对复杂地形的高陡/直立边坡实现快速地形成图。并利用Geomagic Studio的CAD曲面建模功能，重构复杂地形的高陡/直立边坡闭合CAD曲面模型，再通过Hypermesh强大的几何处理及网格划分能力，对CAD曲面模型进行模型切割并网格化，实现复杂地形的高陡/直立边坡的精细三维数值模型的建立，最后转化为FLAC3D可识别的文件格式进行计算分析。本文选择了浙江省神仙居景区飞天瀑景点作为实例研究，结果表明，无人机的使用使复杂地形的高陡/直立边坡实现了快速高效且精确的地形成图和三维建模。该方法具有简单实用、快速便捷且实用性强的优点。Abstract: The topographic measurement of high-steep to upright slopes of complex terrain and the establishment of three-dimensional numerical models have always been puzzling geologists. In recent years, the unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)has been widely used in geological surveys due to its small size, maneuverability, and the ability to acquire high-resolution images. This paper focuses on a new measuring and modeling method for high-steep/upright slopes with integration of UAV and many software. Firstly, on the basis of low-altitude UAV tilt photography, the Agisoft Photoscan 3D real scene modeling software and reverse engineering-based Geomagic Studio's powerful point cloud data processing function, we generate the topographic maps of high-steep/upright slope with complex terrain quickly, combine with the topographic mapping function of CASS. Subsequently, the high-steep/upright slope closed CAD surface models of complex terrain are reconstructed utilizing the CAD surface modeling function of Geomagic Studio. Then we take the advantages of the powerful geometric processing and meshing ability of Hypermesh to mesh the CAD surface models, before establishing a fine three-dimensional(3D)numerical model for high-steep/upright slopes of complex terrain. Finally, the 3D numerical model is converted into a file recognizable by FLAC3D for calculation and analysis. In order to illustrate this method in details, we take the Feitian Waterfall Scenic Spot in Shenxianju Scenic Spot in Zhejiang Province as an example. The results indicate that the use of UAV enables fast, efficient and accurate mapping and 3D modeling of high-steep/upright slopes in complex terrain. The method has the advantages of being simple and practical, fast and convenient, and strong practicality.
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Key words:
- UAV /
- Complex terrain /
- High-steep slope /
- Rapid mapping /
- 3D modeling
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图 1 快速地形测量及三维数值建模流程
Figure 1. Rapid topographic measurement and 3D numerical modeling flow diagram
图 7 在Geomagic Studio中进行点云封装处理
a.点云封装; b.植被修理
Figure 7. Point cloud encapsulation in Geomagic Studio
图 9 飞天瀑岩体等高线图
a.自动生成的三角网; b.修正后三角网
Figure 9. Contour map of the Feitian waterfall rock mass
图 11 飞天瀑岩体有限单元网格模型
Figure 11. Finite element mesh model of Feitian waterfall rock mass
表 1 飞天瀑落石统计表
Table 1. Feitian waterfall rockfall statistics
堆积体区域 落石编号 尺寸 形状 数量统计/块 上方 LS1 1.5×1.5×0.3 m3 方形 1 LS2 4.0×4.0×2.5 m3 方形 1 LS3 2.0×2.0×2.0 m3 方形 1 LS4 0.1×0.1×0.05 m3 方形 小碎石，铺满近2 m2 下方 LS5 4.5×0.5×0.4 m3 方形 1 LS6 1.6×1.2×0.8 m3 方形 1 LS7 1.5×1.0×0.5 m3 方形 1 LS8 1.5×1.1×0.7 m3 方形 1 LS9 1.2×1.8×0.9 m3 方形 1 LS10 1.5×0.8×0.2 m3 方形 1 LS11 3.2×1.3×1.0 m3 方形 3 缓冲区 LS12 1.5×1.5×1.5 m3 方形 18 LS13 3.0×3.0×3.0 m3 方形 5 LS14 0.5×0.5×0.5m3 方形 56 
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