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NON-CONTACT COLLECTION AND 3D FRACTURE NETWORK MODELL￣ING FOR HIGH-STEEP ROCK SLOPES
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摘要: 本文分别以非接触式测量与三维裂隙网络模拟技术对汶川县绵虒镇大溪沟沟口高陡斜坡的结构面系统进行了深入研究。以无人机、数字近景摄影测量与三维激光扫描方法建立了现场斜坡的三维DEM模型并识别与解译了斜坡的结构面系统。尤其是采用无人机与近景摄影测量技术，识别并解译了整体斜坡的长大控制性结构面与坡面上的6663条随机构造结构面。基于以上数据，本文提出了一种适用于高陡斜坡分析的超大窗口三维裂隙网络模拟方法，采用概率统计与空间几何推导的方法，建立了岩体三维结构面的直径、产状与密度计算方法。这种方法更加简便且针对性强，现场验证也表明其具有较高的模拟精度。Abstract: This paper applies non-contact acquisition techniques and 3D fracture network modelling to study the discontinuities of high-steep slope located in Miansi Town, Wenchuan County. UAV, 3D laser scanning, and Close Range Photogrammetry are used to generate 3D DEM model and to recognize and interpret discontinuities. Especially, UAV and Close Range Photogrammetry are applied to recognize and interpret controlling large discontinuities and 6663 stochastic structural fractures. Based on the collected data, this paper propose a 3D fracture network modelling method that fits for large sampling windows of high-steep slopes. Stochastic mathematics and spatial geometric derivation methods are used to determine the diameter, orientation, and density of 3D fractures. This method is much easier and to the point, as well as has a higher accuracy according to field verification.
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图 1 大溪沟及其沟口斜坡位置与基本地质信息图
Figure 1. Location and geological information of Daxigou gully and its slopes
图 2 大溪沟斜坡现场照片与滑坡边界调查信息图
Figure 2. Site photos of Daxigou slopes and their boundary information
图 3 裂隙网络-迹线-露头面关系示意图
Figure 3. Relationship among fracture network, traces and outcrop surface
图 4 无人机获取的大溪沟整体影像与识别的宏观结构面
Figure 4. Overall image and recognized macro structures of Daxigou slopes using UAV
图 5 三维激光扫描仪获取的点云及坡面产状分布图
Figure 5. Point clouds and outcrop orientation distribution obtained with 3D laser scanner
图 6 数字近影摄影测量窗口布置与模型解译示例图
Figure 6. Sampling windows and interpretation of models for digital close-range photogrammetry
图 7 大溪沟斜坡坡面裂隙的节理玫瑰花图与迹长概率密度分布图
a.滑坡后缘破裂面上结构面描述；b.滑坡左边界破裂面上结构面描述
Figure 7. Rose diagrams and trace length probability density distribution of fractures in Dasigou slope outcrops
图 8 后缘与左边界破裂段的三维裂隙网络显示(不含宏观结构面)
a.后缘破裂段三维裂隙网络；b.左边界破裂段三维裂隙网络
Figure 8. Display of 3D fracture network for trailing and left edge areas(macro discontinuities are excluded)
图 9 模拟与实测迹长分布直方图及概率密度曲线
a.后缘破裂段；b.左边界破裂段
Figure 9. Histograms and probability density curves of the distribution of modeled and collected trace lengths
表 1 三维裂隙网络参数汇总表
Table 1. List of 3D fracture network parameters
窗口 组序 现场条数 平均产状 半迹长平方ch2 三维空间直径r′ 密度/m-3 分布类型 均值 方差 分布 α β 均值 方差 后缘 1 626 36.2°∠69.6° LN 2.14 17.60 LN 0.57 0.60 2.12 1.99 0.126 2 1403 356°∠35.1° LN 2.79 42.82 LN 0.52 0.68 2.13 2.68 0.132 3 337 109.2°∠63.3° LN 2.69 38.34 LN 0.57 0.65 2.18 2.52 0.021 4 321 162.3°∠70.4° LN 3.19 99.08 LN 0.34 0.79 1.92 3.25 0.028 左边界 1 433 35.1°∠68.7° LN 1.91 34.74 G 1.80 0.81 1.46 1.18 0.037 2 1867 359°∠31.5° LN 2.82 209.27 G 1.21 1.00 1.22 1.22 0.140 3 789 113.6°∠65.6° LN 2.96 343.31 G 1.19 1.02 1.21 1.24 0.110 4 887 154.8°∠74.6° LN 1.98 79.19 G 1.34 0.86 1.15 0.99 0.059 
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