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SPATIAL-TEMPORAL EVOLUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF LAND SUB-SIDENCE AND GROUND FISSURE IN YUHUA VILLAGE OF XI'AN CITY USING SBAS-INSAR TECHNIQUE
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摘要: 自20世纪50年代末以来，西安市遭受了严重的地面沉降和地裂缝灾害，严重制约了西安市城市建设发展规划。本文以西安市典型地面沉降区之一的鱼化寨为研究区，基于短基线集合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术，采用覆盖研究区的ERS(1992~1993年)、Envisat(2003~2010年)、Sentinel-1A(2015~2020年)3种卫星数据，并结合区内钻孔、地下水开采及城市发展建设历史和现状资料，分析鱼化寨周边地区地面沉降与地裂缝时空演变特征，探讨区内地面沉降与地裂缝的成因机制。本文获取的主要结果如下：获取了鱼化寨周边地区1992~2020年3阶段年均沉降速率图，揭示区内沉降中心由90年代电子城处(90mm ·a-1)变为现今鱼化寨处(50mm ·a-1)；证实了地面沉降与地裂缝在时空分布上具有关联性，地裂缝发育于地面沉降槽的北侧边缘，限制了地面沉降槽向北扩展，且随地面沉降槽的发展而延伸；揭示了鱼化寨沉降中心仍在扩大，f4地裂缝还存在向西延伸的可能；明确了鱼化寨周边地区地面沉降和地裂缝的发展受地下承压含水层的开采及人类建设活动等的影响。上述认识可为受地面沉降和地裂缝影响的城市地面开发利用和灾害防治提供一定参考和支撑。
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关键词:
- 地面沉降 /
- 地裂缝 /
- SBAS-InSAR技术 /
- 时空演变 /
- 鱼化寨
Abstract: Since the late 1950s,Xi'an City has suffered from serious land subsidence and ground fissure,which seriously restricted the urban construction and development planning of Xi'an City. In this study,Yuhua Village,one of the typical land subsidence areas in Xi'an City,was taken as the research area. Based on the SBAS-InSAR technique,ERS(1992-1993),Envisat(2003-2010) and Sentinel-1A(2015-2020)satellite datas covering the study area are used to analyze the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of land subsidence and ground fissures in the surrounding area of Yuhua Village. The drilling data and the history and current situation of groundwater exploitation and urban development are used in this paper. The genetic mechanism of land subsidence and ground fissures in the study area is also discussed. The main conclusions of this study are as follows. (1)The annual average subsidence rate of three stages in the surrounding area of Yuhua Village from 1992 to 2020 is obtained,which reveals that the subsidence center changes from the Electronic City(90mm ·a-1)in the 1990s to the present Yuhua Village(50mm ·a-1). (2)It is confirmed that there is a correlation between the land subsidence and the ground fissure in the temporal and spatial distribution. The ground fissures develop in the north edge of the land subsidence trough,which limit the northward development of land subsidence trough. And the ground fissures extend with the development of the land subsidence trough. (3)It is revealed that the Yuhua Village subsidence center is still expanding,and the f4 ground fissure may extend westward. (4)The development of land subsidence and ground fissure around Yuhua Village is affected by the exploitation of underground confined aquifer and human construction activities. The above understanding can provide certain reference and support for urban land development and disaster prevention affected by land subsidence and ground fissures.-
Key words:
- Land subsidence /
- Ground fissure /
- SBAS-InSAR technique /
- Spatial-temporal evolution /
- Yuhua Village
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图 1 1992~2020年研究区内地裂缝空间分布演化
Figure 1. Spatial distribution and evolution of ground fissures in the study area from 1992 to 2020
图 2 研究区城市建设发展演化(数据来源于谷歌地球历史影像)
a. 1992年；b. 1999年；c. 2006年；d. 2020年
Figure 2. The evolution of urban construction in the study area(data from Google Earth history images)
图 4 1992~2020研究区平均沉降速率图(地裂缝分布为2017年分布情况)
a. 1992~1993年；b. 2003~2010年；c. 2015~2020年
Figure 4. Annual deformation rate map in the study area from 1992 to 2020
图 5 2018~2020年研究区年平均沉降速率图
Figure 5. Annual deformation rate map in the study area from 2018 to 2020
图 6 沉降中心累积沉降量(TerraSAR数据参考Peng et al., 2019)
Figure 6. Cumulative deformation in the subsidence center
图 7 研究区地面变形特征
a. 沉降陡变带现场照片(2020)；b. 沉降陡变带现场照片(2013)；c. 沉降中心外围现场照片(2020)；d. 沉降中心外围现场照片(2013)
Figure 7. Land deformation characteristics of the study area
图 8 沿剖面线P1-P1′(2003~2010)和P2-P2′(2015~2020) 的地面累积沉降量和地裂缝关联关系
Figure 8. The correlation between the cumulative land subsidence and ground fissures along the profile P1-P1′(2003~2010) and P2-P2′(2015~2020)
图 9 鱼化寨、西高新地下水位动态变化曲线图(董英等，2019)
Figure 9. The variation curves of groundwater level dynamics in Yuhua Village and High-tech zone
图 10 沉降中心逐年沉降速率变化图(虚线框内数据参考Peng et al., 2019)
Figure 10. Deformation rate change diagram of subsidence centers
图 11 抽水引起地面沉降与地裂缝形成机理及发展过程示意图
a. 1992年之前；b. 1992~2000年；c. 2003~2015年；d. 2015年~至今
Figure 11. Schematic diagram of ground fissure and ground subsidence caused by water pumping
表 1 3种SAR数据基本参数
Table 1. Basic parameters of the three SAR date sets
传感器类型 ERS1/2 Envisat ASAR Sentinel-1A 波段 C C C 波长 5.6 5.6 5.6 极化方式 VV VV VV 轨道方向 降轨 降轨 升轨 影像数量 4 33 67 覆盖时间 1992.07.03~ 1993.03.05 2003.12.06~ 2010.09.25 2015.06.20~ 2020.08.04 
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