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ANALYSIS OF CONSTRUCTION MONITORING AND TEMPERATURE FIELD OF CROSS-PASSAGE OF SUBWAY IN SEASHORE AREA IN XIAMEN USING GROUND FREEZING METHOD
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摘要: 区间联络通道现已成为双线隧道建设必不可少的一部分，具有排水、防火、连通两隧道以及在隧道发生事故时作为“逃生通道”的作用。为准确掌握厦门滨海区隧道联络通道冻结法施工过程中温度场的发展规律，开展了厦门地铁六号线马集区间段2#联络通道冻结法施工全程监测与分析，并采用Diana有限元程序建立与放射状布置冻结孔完全相同三维数值模型分析了冻结施工过程中温度场随时间的变化规律，将数值分析结果与代表性点实测数据进行了对比。结果表明：各测点温度的变化趋势大体一致，测位点越深冻结效果越好；泄压孔压力初始时大小差异主要是由孔点所处的固有土压不同所致；距冻结管越近土体温度降速越快，冻结土强度越高，形成冻结壁后冻结效率相应提高；数值分析所得温度场是非对称的；该数值模拟方法具有便捷性、较好的可行性和较高的可靠性，可作为今后类似工程冻结施工温度场的预测方法。Abstract: Currently, cross-passages in the section of twin-tunnels have become an indispensable part, which has the functions, such as drainage, fire prevention, connecting the two tunnels, and acting as "escape passages" in tunnel accidents. To accurately grasp the development law of the temperature field during construction of tunnel cross-passages in seashore area in Xiamen using the ground freezing method, the full process monitoring and analysis of the ground freezing construction of No.2 cross-passage in Ma-ji section of Xiamen Metro Line 6 were conducted. Correspondingly, the three-dimensional finite element model was established to analyze the variation law of the temperature field in the process of freezing construction. The numerical results were compared with the measurements of some typical points. The results show that the tendency of the temperature change of each measuring point is basically the same, and the deeper the position of the point, the better the effect of freezing. In the early stage, the discrepancies of the pressures between various pressure relief holes are mainly caused by the inherent earth pressure of points at different positions. The closer to the freezing pipes the soil is, the faster the temperature drops, the higher the strength of the frozen soil. Accordingly, the freezing efficiency is enhanced after the formation of a frozen wall. The temperature field by the numerical analysis is unsymmetrical. This numerical modeling method is of convenience, good feasibility, and high reliability. It can be an approach to predict the temperature field in the process of freezing construction of similar projects.
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Key words:
- Seashore area /
- Cross-passage /
- Ground freezing method /
- Temperature field /
- Numerical modeling
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图 3 冻结管、测温管及泄压管管位布置纵剖面图
Figure 3. Layout profile of freezing pipes,temperature measuring pipes and pressure relief pipes
图 4 冻结孔、测温孔及泄压孔孔位双侧横断面图
Figure 4. Cross-section layout of freezing holes,temperature measuring holes,and pressure relief holes
图 5 测温孔测点布置(单位：mm)
Figure 5. Layout of measuring points in temperature measuring holes(unit: mm)
图 6 盐水去回路温度及其温差随时间变化曲线
Figure 6. Curves of brine temperatures in go and return circuits and their differences varied with the time
图 7 各泄压孔孔压-时间折线
Figure 7. Polyline curves of the pressure-time of all pressure relief holes
图 8 C1、C2测温孔测点温度与时间关系
Figure 8. Temperature-time curves of the measuring points in holes C1 and C2
图 9 C3测温孔测点温度与时间关系
Figure 9. Temperature-time curves of the measuring points in hole C3
图 10 C6测温孔测点温度与时间关系
Figure 10. Temperature-time curves of the measuring points in hole C6
图 11 C8测温孔测点温度与时间关系
Figure 11. Temperature-time curves of the measuring points in hole C8
图 14 冻结温度随时间变化等值云图
1a. 冻结12 d(Y=5 m)；1b. 冻结12 d(X=3 m)；2a. 冻结20 d(Y=5 m)；2b. 冻结20 d(X=3 m)；3a. 冻结36 d(Y=5 m)；3b. 冻结36 d (X=3 m)；4a. 冻结45 d(Y=5 m)；4b. 冻结45 d(X=3 m)
Figure 14. Contours of freezing temperature vs. time
图 15 两代表点处模拟与实测温度-时间曲线对比
Figure 15. Comparisons of the modeled and measured temperature-time curves for two typical points
表 1 土体物理力学参数
Table 1. Physical and mechanical parameters of soils
土层 杨氏模量/MPa 土体饱和密度/kg·m-3 黏聚力/kPa 内摩擦角/(°) 泊松比 含水率/% 孔隙比 热膨胀系数/℃-1 传导率/W·m-1·℃-1 比热容/J·m-3·℃-1 1# 14 1810 25 14.6 0.29 31.9 0.96 -4×10-6 2.21 3.2×106 
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表 2 冻结管设计参数
Table 2. Design parameters of freezing pipes
冻结孔 定位角度/(°) 打孔仰角/(°) 深度/m 孔数/个 总孔深/m 备注 A1~A6 55 14.8 5.350 6 32.100 A7~A13 39 7.7 9.284 7 64.988 A14~A15 30.8 6.0 8.620 2 17.240 D1~D2 26 4.6 8.071 2 16.142 D3~D4 14.6 3.0 7.444 2 14.888 D5~D6 6.5 0 7.536 2 15.072 透孔 D7~D8 -6 -1.5 7.561 2 15.122 透孔 D9~D10 -14 -4.5 7.522 2 15.044 D11~D12 -22 -7.4 8.235 2 16.470 D13~D14 -30 -10.8 10.354 2 20.708 D15~D16 -38 -15.2 9.942 2 19.884 D17~D18 -46 -20.7 9.612 2 19.224 D19~D20 -54 -26.6 9.296 2 18.592 D21~D22 -63 -32.2 9.130 2 18.260 D23~D24 -71 -38.3 9.090 2 18.180 M1~M9 -79 -43.7 9.211 9 82.899 M10~M15 -90 -51.4 6.457 6 38.742 N1~N8 -79 -43.7 8.264 8 66.112 N9~N15 -90 -51.4 6.457 7 45.199 B1~B6 49.4 25.6 3.547 6 21.282 合计 75 576.148
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表 3 测温孔及泄压孔设计参数
Table 3. Parameters of temperature measuring holes and pressure relief holes
孔类型 钻孔编号 定位角度/(°) 打孔仰角/(°) 打孔水平角/(°) 深度/m 孔数/个 总孔深/m 测温孔 C1~C2 20 4 0 2.0 2 4.0 C3~C5 31.5 -2.6 0 2.0 3 6.0 C6~C9 -57.7 -38.6 0 5.0 4 20.0 C10~C11 -35.1 0 0 2.0 2 4.0 合计 11 34.0 泄压孔 X1、X3 0 0 0 3.0 2 6.0 X2、X4 -36 0 0 3.0 2 6.0 合计 4 12.0
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表 4 不同断面冻结情况
Table 4. Freezing state of different sections
截面 喇叭口左处冻结帷幕 冻结管交叉区域 喇叭口右处冻结帷幕 冻结壁有效厚度/mm 2008 2106 2030 平均温度/℃ -13.596 -13.942 -13.637
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