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ANALYSIS OF HAMMER ENERGY TRANSFER RATIO OF STANDARD PENETRATION TEST
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摘要: 能量传递率是衡量贯入类试验锤击效率的一个重要指标。国外对这一指标需要进行现场实测，进而修正贯入试验的锤击数，建立评价场地承载力、液化势等特性的标准化锤击数。国内规范中，则较少考虑贯入试验的锤击能量传递率的问题，且缺少现场试验测试数据，导致基于贯入类试验锤击数的地基评价方法难以与国外标准进行横向对比。为解决这一问题，选取川滇地区西昌地震实验场的3个勘察试验点。采用能量测试仪实测标准贯入试验能量传递率，研究我国常规SPT试验装置锤击效率，并评价其稳定性。试验实测结果显示，现场标准贯入试验的锤击能量传递率均值基本超过75%。能量传递率随着贯入深度的增加稍有增加，地表下20 m范围内增长幅值为10%左右。试验结果可为评价我国常规SPT试验设备的锤击效率提供依据。Abstract: Hammer efficiency is defined as the energy transfer rate, and is an important index in standard penetration test to evaluate site bearing capacity and to assess liquefaction potential. In standard procedure outside China, the energy transfer rate is usually obtained by real in-situ testing using an energy measurement equipment, and then to correct blow counts. In Chinese codes, however, the energy transferred into the rod during hammering is not considered instead that the uncorrected blow counts are used in engineering practice, which leads to blow counts of standard penetration test obtained in China can hardly be compared with others. To solve this issue, three typical testing sites in Xichang earthquake experiment site are selected to test the hammer efficiency used in the Chinese routine standard penetration test equipment and to evaluate stability of energy transferring. The analytical results indicate that the energy transfer ratio is remarkably stable that the average energy transfer ratios exceed 75%. A slight trend of energy transfer ratio increasing with depth is delineated that the incremental of the energy transfer rate stays about 10% in the depth range of 20 m. The energy transfer ratio obtained in the tests can be used to evaluate the current standard penetration test apparatus.
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图 1 PDA实测锤击过程中轴向力和速度时程曲线
Figure 1. The axial force time history and velocity time history measured during hammering
图 3 现场SPT触探试验装置以及能量测试仪
Figure 3. In-situ SPT apparatus with a 63.5 kg donut hammer falling to anvil above PDA energy measurement
图 4 现场SPT试验采用的63.5 kg穿心锤和贯入器
Figure 4. In-situ SPT apparatus with a 63.5 kg donut hammer falling to anvil above PDA energy measurement
图 8 QZK01场地能量试验锤击数与能量传递率统计图
Figure 8. Histograms showing numbers of hammer drops with ETR values conducted at the QZK01 site
图 9 QZK05场地能量试验锤击数与能量传递率统计图
Figure 9. Histograms showing numbers of hammer drops with ETR values conducted at QZK05 site
图 10 QZK08场地能量试验锤击数与能量传递率统计图
Figure 10. Histograms showing numbers of hammer drops with ETR values conducted at the QZK08 site
图 11 试验场地的实测SPT锤击能量传递率随深度的分布
Figure 11. Distribution of ETR values lumped of the tested sites with respect to depth
图 12 所有场地能量试验锤击数与能量传递率统计图
Figure 12. Histograms of ETR values which are lumped of the three tested sites
图 13 不同深度能量试验锤击数与能量传递率统计图
Figure 13. Histograms of ETR values with respect to different depth bins
表 1 现场SPT试验实测能量传递率统计值
Table 1. ETR statistics of the SPT tests
试验点 能量传递率(ETR)/% 均值 均值+标准差 均值-标准差 标准差 QZK01 77.03 83.50 70.56 6.47 QZK05 80.61 86.90 74.32 6.29 QZK08 72.99 83.83 62.15 10.84 
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表 2 现场不同深度SPT试验实测能量传递率统计值
Table 2. ETR statistics with respect to depth bins
测试深度/m 能量传递率(ETR)/% 均值 均值+标准差 均值-标准差 标准差 ＜5.0 65.36 74.57 56.15 9.21 5.0~10.0 71.60 80.41 62.79 8.81 10.0~15.0 80.57 85.86 75.28 5.29 >15.0 78.55 87.04 70.06 8.49
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