岩溶隧道涌突水破坏模式分类及防突厚度研究

肖喜 赵晓彦 张巨峰 肖勇 莫培

肖喜, 赵晓彦, 张巨峰, 等. 2022. 岩溶隧道涌突水破坏模式分类及防突厚度研究[J]. 工程地质学报, 30(2): 459-474. doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2021-0247
引用本文: 肖喜, 赵晓彦, 张巨峰, 等. 2022. 岩溶隧道涌突水破坏模式分类及防突厚度研究[J]. 工程地质学报, 30(2): 459-474. doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2021-0247
Xiao Xi, Zhao Xiaoyan, Zhang Jufeng, et al. 2022.Classification of water inrush failure mode and rock thickness for preventing water inrush in karst tunnels[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 30(2): 459-474. doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2021-0247
Citation: Xiao Xi, Zhao Xiaoyan, Zhang Jufeng, et al. 2022.Classification of water inrush failure mode and rock thickness for preventing water inrush in karst tunnels[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 30(2): 459-474. doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2021-0247

岩溶隧道涌突水破坏模式分类及防突厚度研究

doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2021-0247
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金 41672295

四川省科技厅科技计划项目 2020YFG0303

详细信息
    作者简介:

    肖喜(1995-),男,硕士生,主要从事地质灾害与防治研究. E-mail:1373874772@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    赵晓彦(1977-),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事地质灾害与防治工程方面研究. E-mail: xyzhao2@swjtu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: U452.1+1

CLASSIFICATION OF WATER INRUSH FAILURE MODE AND ROCK THI-CKNESS FOR PREVENTING WATER INRUSH IN KARST TUNNELS

Funds: 

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 41672295

the Science and Technology Planning Program of Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province 2020YFG0303

  • 摘要: 在岩溶山区进行隧址选择时,隧道与溶洞之间的防突岩体厚度是重要因素之一。在岩溶隧道修建过程中,若岩墙厚度保留过小,则岩溶水涌出造成安全事故、经济损失和工期延误。目前涌突水破坏分类较为笼统且大多忽略了隧道围岩的岩体结构对防突厚度的影响。本文首先从岩溶隧道围岩的结构类型、溶洞与隧道之间的相对大小和相对位置的角度进行涌突水破坏模式分类研究,再根据破坏模式抽象出梁模型、矩形或圆薄板模型、冲剪切柱模型、翼形裂纹张拉贯通模型、拉剪复合断裂破坏模型、顺层滑移模型等不同的力学模型,最后得出了相应破坏模式下防突厚度计算公式,以便为岩溶区隧道选线提供建议并为隧道修建过程中涌突水灾害预测提供参考。
  • 图  1  整体状结构  溶洞位于隧道顶部的Ⅰ型溶洞

    a. 隧道顶部的Ⅰ型溶洞示意图;b. 力学模型图

    Figure  1.  For monolithic structure of surrounding rock,the tunnel type Ⅰ cave model where the cave is located at the top

    图  2  整体状结构  溶洞位于隧道顶部的Ⅱ型溶洞

    a. 隧道顶部的Ⅱ型溶洞示意图;b. 力学模型图

    Figure  2.  For monolithic structure of surrounding rock,the tunnel type Ⅱ cave model where the cave is located at the top

    图  3  整体状结构  溶洞位于隧道顶部的Ⅲ型溶洞

    a. 隧道顶部的Ⅲ型溶洞示意图;b. 直接剪切破坏力学模型图;c. 冲切破坏力学模型图

    Figure  3.  For monolithic structure of surrounding rock,the tunnel type Ⅲ cave model where the cave is located at the top

    图  4  整体状结构  溶洞位于隧道侧部的Ⅰ型溶洞

    a. 隧道侧部的Ⅰ型溶洞示意图;b. 力学模型图

    Figure  4.  For monolithic structure of surrounding rock,the tunnel type Ⅰ cave model where the cave is located at the lateral side

    图  5  整体状结构  溶洞位于隧道侧部的Ⅱ型溶洞力学模型

    a. 隧道侧部的Ⅱ型溶洞示意图;b. 力学模型图

    Figure  5.  For monolithic structure of surrounding rock,the tunnel type Ⅱ cave model where the cave is located at the lateral side

    图  6  整体状结构  溶洞位于隧道侧部的Ⅲ型溶洞

    a. 隧道侧部的Ⅲ型溶洞示意图;b. 直接剪切破坏力学模型图;c. 冲切破坏力学模型图

    Figure  6.  For monolithic structure of surrounding rock,the tunnel type Ⅲ cave model where the cave is located at the lateral side

    图  7  整体状结构  溶洞位于掌子面前的Ⅰ型溶洞

    a. 掌子面前方的Ⅰ型溶洞示意图;b. 力学模型图

    Figure  7.  For monolithic structure of surrounding rock,the tunnel type Ⅰ cave model where the cave is located in the frontage of heading

    图  8  块状结构中断续节理分布图及力学模型

    a. 断续节理分布图;b. 力学模型

    Figure  8.  Distribution diagram and mechanical model of discontinuous joints in block structures

    图  9  翼形裂纹张拉贯通破坏分析图及示意图

    a. 翼形裂纹张拉贯通破坏分析图;b. 示意图

    Figure  9.  Analysis diagram and schematic diagram of airfoil crack through tension failure

    图  10  拉剪复合断裂破坏破坏分析图及示意图

    a. 拉剪复合断裂破坏分析图;b. 示意图

    Figure  10.  Failure analysis diagram and schematic diagram of tension-shear composite fracture

    图  11  层状结构  溶洞位于隧道顶部且结构面倾角大于β

    a. 隧道顶部且结构面倾角大于β示意图;b. 力学模型图

    Figure  11.  The surrounding rock of the tunnel is a layered structure,the karst cave is located at the top of the tunnel and the inclination of the structural plane is greater than β

    图  12  层状结构  溶洞位于隧道底部隧道顶部且结构面倾角大于β

    a. 隧道底部且结构面倾角大于β示意图;b. 力学模型图

    Figure  12.  The surrounding rock of the tunnel is a layered structure,the karst cave is located at the bottom of the tunnel and the inclination of the structural plane is greater than β

    图  13  层状结构  溶洞位于隧道侧部且结构面倾向隧道

    a. 隧道侧部且结构面上倾示意图;b. 力学模型图

    Figure  13.  The surrounding rock of the tunnel is a layered structure,the karst cave is located at the side of the tunnel and the dip angle of the structural plane is upward

    图  14  层状结构溶洞位于隧道侧部且结构面倾向溶洞

    a. 隧道侧部且结构面下倾示意图;b. 力学模型图

    Figure  14.  The surrounding rock of the tunnel is a layered structure,and the karst cave is located on the side of the tunnel and the structural surface is inclined downward

    图  15  碎裂结构及散体状结构  溶洞位于隧道顶部

    a. 隧道顶部示意图;b. 力学模型图

    Figure  15.  The surrounding rock of the tunnel is of cataclastic structure and granular structure,the karst cave is located at the top of the tunnel

    表  1  岩溶隧道涌突水破坏模式分类

    Table  1.   Classification of water inrush failure modes in karst tunnels

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2021-05-07
  • 修回日期:  2021-09-06
  • 刊出日期:  2022-04-25

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