范智涵, 贾永刚, 滕秀英, 等. 2021. 深海多金属结核开采潜在工程地质环境影响研究进展[J].工程地质学报, 29(6): 1676-1691. doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2021-0260.
    引用本文: 范智涵, 贾永刚, 滕秀英, 等. 2021. 深海多金属结核开采潜在工程地质环境影响研究进展[J].工程地质学报, 29(6): 1676-1691. doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2021-0260.
    Fan Zhihan, Jia Yonggang, Teng Xiuying, et al. 2021. Review on potential engineering geological environment impacts of deep-sea polymetallic nodules mining[J].Journal of Engineering Geology, 29(6): 1676-1691. doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2021-0260.
    Citation: Fan Zhihan, Jia Yonggang, Teng Xiuying, et al. 2021. Review on potential engineering geological environment impacts of deep-sea polymetallic nodules mining[J].Journal of Engineering Geology, 29(6): 1676-1691. doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2021-0260.

    深海多金属结核开采潜在工程地质环境影响研究进展

    REVIEW ON POTENTIAL ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT IMPACTS OF DEEP-SEA POLYMETALLIC NODULES MINING

    • 摘要: 深海多金属结核广泛分布于全球海底,资源储量丰富、开采潜力巨大。自20世纪60年代,围绕深海多金属结核开采提出了连续链斗式、穿梭艇式、管道提升式等的采矿方式,目前研究中多以管道提升式研究为主。将赋存在海床沉积物表面的多金属结核开采出来必然会引起表层沉积物的扰动,从而影响海水化学性质及海洋生物活性。国内外学者围绕深海多金属结核开采,从结核的资源储量、矿区工程地质条件、开采技术、环境影响等方面展开了诸多研究。基于国内外大量文献资料,着重整理了深海多金属结核富集区CC区(东太平洋的克拉里昂—克里帕顿断裂带之间的海底区域)的研究进展。针对以管道提升式开采方式开采深海多金属结核产生的潜在工程地质环境影响得到以下几点认识:(1)结核开采过程中对表层沉积物产生扰动致使沉积物发生再悬浮,再悬浮颗粒浓度是影响海水化学性质、海洋生物活性的主要原因;(2)矿区表层沉积物的工程地质性质是深海多金属结核开采过程中生态环境影响程度的关键控制因素,其决定了结核开采时沉积物再悬浮的质量、空间分布特征;(3)目前多金属结核开采的环境影响评价多基于对生物群落的影响程度进行定性的评价,尚未有基于沉积物工程地质性质变化、再悬浮沉积物时空分布规律进行的环境影响评价,未来深海多金属结核开采环境工程地质影响定量评价系统有待建立。以上认识对于深入了解多金属结核开采研究现状、工程地质环境影响特征、监测环境影响内容有重要意义。

       

      Abstract: Deep-sea polymetallic nodules are widely distributed on the global seabed,with abundant resources and great potential for exploitation. Since 1960 s,the mining methods of continuous chain-fighting,shuttle-type,pipe lifting and so on have been proposed around deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining. The exploitation of polymetallic nodules on the surface of seabed sediments would inevitably cause the disturbance of surface sediments,which would affect the chemical properties and marine biological activities of seawater. Many scholars have studied the resources and reserves of the nodules,the engineering geological conditions,mining technology and environmental impact of the deep-sea polymetallic nodules. Based on a large number of domestic and foreign literature,the research progress of the CC zone(the seabed area between the Clarion-Crippaton fault zone in the eastern Pacific Ocean) is collated. The following points are recognized for the potential engineering geological environmental impact of deep-sea polymetallic nodules mining by pipeline lifting: (1)During the process of nodule mining,the surface sediments are disturbed and resuspended,and the concentration of resuspended particles is the main reason affecting the chemical properties and biological activities of seawater; (2)The engineering geological properties of surface sediments in mining area are the key control factors of the ecological environment impact degree in the process of deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining,which determines the quality and spatial distribution characteristics of sediment resuspension during nodule mining; (3)At present,the environmental impact assessment of polymetallic nodule mining is mostly based on the qualitative assessment of the degree of impact on the biological community. There is no environmental impact assessment based on the changes of sediment engineering geological properties and the temporal and spatial distribution of resuspended sediment. The quantitative assessment system of environmental engineering geological impact of deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining in the future needs to be established.

       

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