巴塘断裂黄草坪段地震地裂缝破裂特征及成因机理研究

黄伟亮 项闻 李宇 王世元 杨虔灏 刘妮娜

黄伟亮, 项闻, 李宇, 等. 2023. 巴塘断裂黄草坪段地震地裂缝破裂特征及成因机理研究[J]. 工程地质学报, 31(5): 1655-1667. doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2021-0298
引用本文: 黄伟亮, 项闻, 李宇, 等. 2023. 巴塘断裂黄草坪段地震地裂缝破裂特征及成因机理研究[J]. 工程地质学报, 31(5): 1655-1667. doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2021-0298
Huang Weiliang, Xiang Wen, Li Yu, et al. 2023. Research on rupture characteristics and genesis mechanism of seismic ground fissure in Huangcaoping section of Batang Fault[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 31(5): 1655-1667. doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2021-0298
Citation: Huang Weiliang, Xiang Wen, Li Yu, et al. 2023. Research on rupture characteristics and genesis mechanism of seismic ground fissure in Huangcaoping section of Batang Fault[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 31(5): 1655-1667. doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2021-0298

巴塘断裂黄草坪段地震地裂缝破裂特征及成因机理研究

doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2021-0298
基金项目: 

国家自然基金 42041006

国家自然基金 42277152

长安大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金 300102262910

详细信息
    通讯作者:

    黄伟亮(1987-),男,博士,副教授,主要从事活动构造与古地震、新构造与地质灾害等方面研究. E-mail: huangweiliang@chd.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: P642.27

RESEARCH ON RUPTURE CHARACTERISTICS AND GENESIS MECHANISM OF SEISMIC GROUND FISSURE IN HUANGCAOPING SECTION OF BATANG FAULT

Funds: 

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 42041006

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 42277152

the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Chang'an University 300102262910

  • 摘要: 地裂缝是地表岩土体内产生线性破裂的一种地质灾害,其中构造型地裂缝形成和发展与活动断层的运动特征密切相关。现有构造型地裂缝的报道大多与断层蠕滑活动有关,而针对断层黏滑运动(地震)所形成的地裂缝通常统一划分为地震地表破裂带,主要注重对其分布特征的调查,而针对其中单条地裂缝破裂特征和成因机理研究较为少见。本文以巴塘断裂在黄草坪段所形成的地裂缝为研究对象,通过野外地质调查、无人机测绘、野外槽探、物探等手段,揭示了地裂缝的浅-中-深几何结构及其成因机理。巴塘断裂在黄草坪段形成一槽谷地貌,地裂缝在槽谷中表现为一条具有线性特征的地貌陡坎S1,坎高为0.26±0.03 m。横跨槽谷的探槽揭露出陡坎下部及两侧密集发育有18条地裂缝,根据地裂缝贯通上覆地层的情况可大致划分出3个活动时期,可能代表巴塘断裂全新世以来的3次地震事件,部分地裂缝贯通至地表与S1陡坎相连,这可能是1870年巴塘M 7$ {\raise0.7ex\hbox{1} \!\mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}}\right.} \!\lower0.7ex\hbox{2}}$地震所致。横跨槽谷的地震反射剖面中表现出槽谷边界受控于两条相向而倾的铲型断裂,两条断裂共同形成了“Y”字型拉张地堑结构,而在地堑内部表现出有近直立的反射层变形带,位置大致可与陡坎S1对应。全新世以来,巴塘断裂在右旋走滑过程中,在局部近地表形成多级“Y”字型拉张地堑构造,而地堑内部地裂缝密集发育,且地裂缝形成及贯通上覆土层过程与巴塘断裂地震活动密切相关,因此该地裂缝形态受巴塘断裂几何结构控制,活动期次与巴塘断裂的强震活动相对应,具有典型地震地裂缝的特点。
  • 图  1  研究区地震构造图(断层数据邓起东等(2002))

    ①金沙江断裂带;②丽江-小金河断裂带;③红河断裂带;④小江断裂带;⑤安宁河断裂带;⑥鲜水河断裂带;⑦龙门山断裂带

    Figure  1.  Seismotectonic map of the study area(fault data cited by Deng et al.(2002))

    图  2  巴塘断裂中段展布图(地形数据来自https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/)

    Figure  2.  Layout of the middle section of Batang Fault(terrain data from https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/)

    图  3  巴塘断裂黄草坪段断错地貌特征

    a. 巴塘断裂黄草坪段山阴图;b. 断陷槽谷微地貌高程模型

    Figure  3.  Interpretation of the Batang Fault landform in Huangcaoping

    图  4  巴塘断裂野外地貌陡坎特征

    a. 断陷槽谷西边界线性陡坎(拍摄位置见图 3a,镜像NE);b. 断陷槽谷及S1陡坎地貌(拍摄位置见图 3b,镜像SE)

    Figure  4.  Characteristics of steep slope in Batang Fault geomorphology

    图  5  探槽北壁剖面图

    Figure  5.  Profile of north wall of trench

    图  6  巴塘断裂浅层地震反射叠加深度剖面与地表地貌的对应关系(单位:m)

    a. 断陷槽谷陡坎地貌解译及物探测线布置情况(桩号间距为3 m);b. 地震反射叠加深度剖面揭示出的断裂和地裂缝断错特征及其与地表的对应关系

    Figure  6.  Corresponding relationship between seismic reflection superimposed depth profile and surface topography of Batang Fault (unit: m)

    图  7  探槽北壁恢复3次古地震事件变形模式图

    Figure  7.  Deformation model of three paleoseismic events in the north wall of the trench

    图  8  巴塘断裂黄草坪地震地裂缝成因模式示意图

    Figure  8.  Schematic diagram of the genetic model of seismic ground fractures

    表  1  地裂缝f1~f18具体特征汇总表

    Table  1.   Summary table of specific characteristics of seismic ground fissures f1~f18

    地裂缝分类 地裂缝编号 垂向长度/cm 剖面宽度/cm 倾角/(°) 断错地层 引起位错量/cm 填充物
    部分错断型地裂缝 f1 110 5~7 65-90 U2~U4 11.4 上覆红色黏土
    f2 170 5.7~48 80-90 U1~U4 22.1 细砾石
    f3 60 4.3 83 U3~U4 12.8 上覆红色黏土
    f4 171 2~4 45~80 U2~U4 12.2 上覆红色黏土
    f5 173 1~4 65 U2~U4 17 上覆红色黏土
    f6 164 2~4 65~70 U2~U4 23.1 上覆红色黏土
    f8 125 7 76 U1~U4 53 砾石夹红色黏土
    贯通地表型地裂缝 f7 382 6.4~40 90 U1~U7 20 灰色黏土夹砾石
    f10 325 13~45 55~90 U3~U7 38.2
    f12 380 2.6~5.7 60~75 U3~U7 15.3 灰色黏土
    f13 288 1~2 65~90 U3~U7 21.4 灰色黏土
    f14 280 2.3~4.9 90 U3~U6 灰色黏土
    f16 392 4~15 80~90 U3~U7 11 灰色黏土夹砾石
    f17 395 4.8~13.8 75~85 U3~U7
    密集条带状地裂缝 f9 62~94 1~2 80~90 U5~U6 灰色黏土
    f11 56~102 1~2 80~90 U5~U6
    f15 132~142 1~4 70~80 U6~U7 灰色黏土
    f18 107~125 1~3 55~85 U5~U6
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2021-06-01
  • 修回日期:  2021-08-20
  • 刊出日期:  2023-10-25

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