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PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS ON ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF BOHAI STRAIT CROSS SEA PASSAGE
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摘要: 渤海海峡跨海通道工程的前期研究一直停留在规划层面，系统性的工程地质勘察工作基本是空白。本文通过资料搜集、现场调查、海上钻探、海洋物探、室内试验等手段，重点围绕跨海通道沿线工程地质特征、特殊岩土性质、不良地质作用和主要工程地质问题等开展了系统研究。研究表明：(1)海峡通道内海底第四系覆盖层厚度深浅不一，邻近岛屿附近埋藏较浅，海峡腹地、峡道中部厚度较大；老铁山水道中央位置处覆盖层最厚，附近ZK1钻孔深度达到186.3m，仍未见基岩；(2)通道沿线地层岩性主要有石英片岩、变质砂岩、长石砂岩、片麻岩等，岩性较为坚硬，岩体基本分级以Ⅲ~Ⅳ级为主；(3)沿线特殊岩土有填筑土、新近黄土、软土和泥质膨胀岩4类，不良地质作用有危岩落石、人为坑洞、有害气体和地震地质灾害等；(4)工程地质问题主要有跨越断裂带和海底隧道突涌水两方面，隧道突涌水风险集中在断裂破碎带附近。研究成果对科学论证渤海海峡跨海通道工程建设方案具有重要意义。Abstract: The preliminary study of the Bohai Strait Cross Sea Channel Project has always remained at the planning level. The systematic engineering geological survey is basically blank. By means of data collection, field investigation, offshore drilling, marine geophysical exploration and indoor test, this paper focuses on the engineering geological characteristics, special geotechnical properties, adverse geological processes and main engineering geological problems along the sea crossing channel. The results show the follows. (1)The thickness of the Quaternary overburden in the channel is different. The buried depth near the islands is shallow. The thickness in the hinterland of the channel and the middle of the channel is larger. The middle layer of Lao Tieshan waterway is the thickest. No bedrock is found in nearby ZK1 hole with depth of 186.3m. (2)The lithology along the channel mainly metamorphic rocks including quartz schist, metamorphic sandstone, arkose and gneiss. The lithology is relatively hard, and the basic classification of the rock mass is mainly grade Ⅲ~Ⅳ. (3)Special rocks and soils along the line include fill soil, recent loess, soft soil and argillaceous expansive rock. Adverse geological processes include dangerous rocks and rockfalls, man-made pits, harmful gases and seismic geological disasters. (4)Engineering geological problems mainly include crossing fault zone and water inrush of subsea tunnel. The risk of water inrush in tunnel is concentrated near fault fracture zone. The research results are of great significance to scientifically demonstrate the construction scheme of Bohai Strait Cross Sea Channel Project.
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图 7 海底隧道涌水计算模型示意图
a. 单层结构含水系统；b. 双层结构含水系统
Figure 7. Water inflow calculation models of subsea tunnel
图 8 区域破坏性地震震中分布图(M≥4.7，公元前231~2019)
Figure 8. Distribution of regional destructive earthquakes
图 9 区域现代仪器记录小震震中分布图
Figure 9. Distribution of small earthquakes recorded by regional modern instruments
表 1 淤泥质软土物理力学试验指标
Table 1. Physical and mechanical test indexes of mucky soft soil
天然含水率w/% 天然孔隙比e 直剪强度 压缩系数a0.1-0.2/MPa-1 c/kPa φ/(°) 40.0 1.0 3.1 4.3 0.6 
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表 2 6种工况条件下350m长海底隧道正常涌水量计算结果
Table 2. Calculation result of normal water inflow of 350m long subsea tunnel under 6 working conditions
海底基岩出露 海底有土层(渗透系数0.005m·d-1)覆盖 隧址区地质构造特征 一般区域 裂隙较发育区 裂隙发育带 一般区域 裂隙较发育区 裂隙发育带 基岩渗透系数/m·d-1 0.01 0.05 0.5 0.01 0.05 0.5 隧长350m的涌水量/m3·d-1 10 700 27 200 44 500 1060 5050 9450
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