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VOLUME METHOD BASED POTENTIAL EVALUATION ON MINE WATER-BASED GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR IN ABANDONED COAL MINE
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摘要: 基于空间守恒-采矿损伤不变量方程，类比分析煤矿全垮落法长壁开采采空区垮落带和裂隙带覆岩破坏模式，推导夹河煤矿采空区垮落带和裂隙带垂向碎胀与空隙分布线性和对数函数表达式，提出煤矿采空区“两带”垂向碎胀-空隙特征演化过程的多阶段概念模型。在获得采空区覆岩“两带”空隙特征参数的基础上，结合“两带”空间范围呈倒漏斗状梯形结构假设计算夹河煤矿废弃采空区等效空隙/储水体积。进一步以体积法为基础，对废弃夹河煤矿矿井水所形成的中低焓热储热流体开发潜能进行评估。研究结果表明：夹河煤矿单个典型工作面采空区空隙储水体积约(3.4~3.8)×105 m3，顶板岩性影响“两带”碎胀与空隙垂向分布，进而影响“两带”空隙储水体积约10%；废弃煤矿井巷空间储水体积小于采空区空隙储水体积约2个数量级，废弃煤矿地热资源化利用应更多关注采空区储水/热潜能；综合考虑井、巷和采场结构差异性，估算废弃夹河煤矿矿井水热流体的总体积约2.2×107 m3，静态热储潜能约127 GWh(~4.6×105 GJ)，导热和对流热补给效应明显，可为废弃煤矿遗留形成的地热资源勘查及后续开发利用提供参考。Abstract: One basic principle of the 'equilibrium mining' theory is the space conservation-based mining damage invariant equation. This paper analogically analyzes the damage patterns between caving and fractured zones in a long-wall coal mining goaf. Specifically,the paper derives linear(caving zone) and logarithmic(fractured zone) functional expressions to capture the vertical expansion and void distribution characteristics of the above two-zones in abandoned Jiahe colliery. On this basis,a multi-stage conceptual model is then proposed to describe the evolution processes of the vertical expansion and void distribution characteristics of the two-zone. After the required void characteristic parameters of the two-zone are obtained,the paper roughly calculates the void/water-storage volume under the hypothesis of inverted trapezoidal shape of the two-zone structure. Accordingly,the potential of the mine water-based low enthalpy geothermal fluid formed in abandoned and thereafter flooded Jiahe coal mine is evaluated using the volume method. The results indicate that the estimated water storage capacity contained in a typical long-wall mining goaf in abandoned Jiahe mine is 3.4~3.8×105 m3. The overlying rock lithology affects the bulking factor and void ratio vertical distribution in the caving and fractured two-zones,and thereby the water volume and geothermal potential of the order of 10%. Moreover,the void-water stored in mining gobs is about two orders of magnitude larger than that in the shafts and tunnels for abandoned coal mines,which need to have more attention in future study. Finally,the total estimated water storage capacity of the abandoned Jiahe colliery is about 2.2×107 m3,corresponding to a static geothermal potential of approximately 127 GWh(~4.6×105 GJ),which may provide guideline for further exploration and exploitation.
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Key words:
- Mining engineering /
- Goaf /
- Bulking /
- Void /
- Volume method /
- Geothermal reservoir assessment
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图 2 “两带”煤岩碎胀系数与高度关系
Figure 2. Relationships between bulking factor and height in caving and fractured zones
图 3 覆岩影响的“两带”煤岩碎胀与空隙垂向分布特征
Figure 3. Overlying strata affected bulking factor and void distribution in caving and fractured zones
图 4 “两带”碎胀-空隙特征演化过程概念模型
Figure 4. Conceptual evolutionary model for bulking and void distribution in caving and fractured zones
图 6 废弃煤矿井下水热型热储概念模型
Figure 6. Conceptual hydrothermal reservoir model in abandoned underground coal mine
图 7 动态导热补给分析
a. Edrock/Es指标随时间和大地热流密度变化；b. 当Edrock/Es=0.1时自定义所需参数Sw随时间和大地热流密度变化
Figure 7. Resupply evaluation:(a-top) Edrock/Es as a function of t and q; (b-low) variation of the specific surface area Sw with t and q when Edrock/Es=0.1
图 8 动态对流热补给分析：a. Edflow/Es指标随体积比和补给系数变化；b. 当Edflow/Es=0.05，0.1和0.2时补给系数随体积比的变化
Figure 8. Resupply evaluation: (a) Edflow/Es as a function of θ and R; (b)variation of the rechargeable factor R with θ when Edflow/Es=0.05,0.1 and 0.2
图 10 矿井水热储潜能评估技术路线
Figure 10. Technical route for the potential evaluation on mine water-based geothermal reservoir
表 1 垮落带和裂隙带高度计算经验公式参数取值
Table 1. The coefficients with different compressive strength in caving and fractured zones
覆岩类型 单轴抗压强度/MPa 垮落带 裂隙带 C1 C2 C3 C4 Ⅰ-坚硬 ≥ 40 2.1 16 1.2 2.0 Ⅱ-中硬 [20，40) 4.7 19 1.6 3.6 Ⅲ-软弱 [10，20) 6.2 32 3.1 5.0 Ⅳ-极软 <10 7.0 63 5.0 8.0 
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表 2 夹河煤矿单工作面采空区采动/废弃空间参数
Table 2. Pore characteristic parameters for one long-wall face in mined/abandoned Jiahe colliery gob
覆岩类型 Hm/m Smax/m 垮落带 裂隙带 Hc/m $\overline{k_{\mathrm{c}}}$ $\overline{\varnothing_{\mathrm{c}}}$/% Hf/m $\overline{k_{\mathrm{f}}} $ $\overline{\varnothing_{\mathrm{f}}} $/% Ⅰ 3 0.141 13.45 1.07 6.96 53.57 1.03 3.34 Ⅱ 9.06 1.11 9.61 35.71 1.05 5.04 Ⅲ 5.93 1.16 14.04 20.98 1.09 8.27 Ⅳ 3.57 1.25 19.99 13.04 1.15 13.10
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表 3 夹河煤矿废弃采空区储水体积参数估算(89个800 m×200 m×3 m尺寸假定工作面)
Table 3. Water volume estimation in Jiahe colliery(assumed 89 working faces with the size of 800 m×200 m×3 m)
覆岩类型 Vc/m3 Vf/m3 Vpc/m3 Vpf/m3 Vp/m3 假定工作面数量 总空隙体积/m3 中硬顶板①/平均② Ⅰ-坚硬 2 169 024 5 681 827 150 878 189 984 340 863 89 30 336 807 V① ≈ 3.28×107 m3
V② ≈ 3.30×107 m3
①7#主采煤层顶板
②4类顶板平均Ⅱ-中硬 1 534 627 4 381 937 147 497 220 819 368 316 32 780 165 Ⅲ-软弱 1 070 446 2 859 927 150 269 236 447 386 717 34 417 837 Ⅳ-极软 700 288 1 889 802 139 971 247 624 387 596 34 496 025
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表 4 夹河煤矿废弃井巷空间储水体积估算
Table 4. Water volume estimation on space deduced by shaft and tunnel in abandoned Jiahe colliery
井巷名称 参数 深/长度 储水体积/m3 井筒 主井 净直径4.5 m 井口+43.2 m，井底-298.8 m，总深度342 m 13 155 副井 净直径7 m 井口+43.2 m，井底-626.8 m，总深度670 m 10 650 风井 净直径5 m 井口+43 m，井底-280 m，总深度323 m 6339 新风井 净直径5.5 m ~，总深度1060 m 25 171 巷道 井底车场巷道 净断面15 m2 4160 m 62 400 东翼进风大巷 净断面14.8 m2 712 m 10 538 西翼进风大巷 净断面11.8 m2 1270 m 14 986 西辅猴车运输巷 净断面11.1 m2 626 m 6949 东、西总回风巷 净断面11.4 m2 3265 m 37 221 总计 194 811 m3
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表 5 夹河煤矿矿井水热储潜能静态估算
Table 5. Geothermal potential in the mine water of Jiahe colliery
参数 工况1 工况2 工况3 工况4(采纳) 储水体积/m3 2.2×107 矿井水密度/kg·m-3 1000 矿井水比热/kJ·(kg·K)-1 4.18 能量转换系数/kWh·kJ-1 0.000 277 8 矿井水进出温差/℃ 15 50 30 5 矿井水热储潜能/kWh 3.82×108 1.28×109 7.67×108 1.27×108 其他能源形式等效量 天然气/m3 3.70×107 1.23×108 7.40×107 1.23×107 石油/m3 1.05×105 3.50×105 2.10×105 3.50×104 标准煤/t 1.98×105 6.62×105 3.97×105 6.60×104
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表 6 采空区空隙空间等效虚拟圆柱直径
Table 6. Diameters of the equivalent virtual void cylinder
覆岩类型 空隙体积 假设空隙圆柱体直径 Vp/m3 D3/m Ⅰ 340 863 23.29 取平均值24.3(与7#主采煤层中硬顶板时的24.21相差不大) Ⅱ 368 316 24.21 Ⅲ 386 717 24.81 Ⅳ 387 596 24.84
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