Abstract: The specimen-scale rock under load rupture process, while its own structure deformation and damage, contains the change of geophysical property parameter information, such as strain, resistivity, wave velocity, etc. By testing the geophysical parameters of the rock specimen under load, the change of its internal structure, strength and other characteristics can be perceived qualitatively or quantitatively, which is helpful to understand the fracture mechanism of the rock specimen and solve a series of rock engineering testing problems. Based on the Web of Science paper retrieval system, we searched the literature on rock specimen loading tests, analyzed the current status of rock specimen loading tests by using CiteSpace software, and elaborated the principles and research progress of several common testing methods. In light of the current research situation in the field of deep mining of coal strata, the shortcomings in the research process of rock specimen loading tests are analyzed and summarized, and the prospects of geophysical parameter acquisition, device development, and micro-macro test integration are proposed.