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LANDSLIDE COLLABORATIVE OBSERVATION TECHNOLOGY BASED ON REAL SCENE 3D VIEW FROM SPACE-AIR-GROUND-INTERIOR PERSPECTIVE
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摘要: 实景三维是对人类生产、生活和生态空间进行真实、立体、时序化反映和表达的数字虚拟空间。我国的地质灾害点多面广，“点面双控”是今后防灾减灾的重要举措。如何有效获取广域尺度的地质体的动态变化信息以及重大地质灾害点的精细化地质信息，是实现“点面双控”的重要途径。本文在地质灾害隐患识别“三查”体系的基础上，提出进一步构建天-空-地-内滑坡协同观测体系，实现对地上+地下、水上+水下、室内+室外、致灾体+承灾体的全空间、全要素的动态观测和精细感知，以进一步提升我国地质灾害防治能力和水平。除构建天-空-地-内滑坡协同观测体系外，本文重点介绍了高分辨率贴近摄影测量技术、基于多波束测深的水下地形快速测绘技术、基于SLAM的建构筑物和洞穴等封闭空间形态快速精细化测绘技术。Abstract: Geological hazards are numerous and widely distributed in China. Thus the disaster prevention strategy of "double-control of point and zone" would inevitably become a way forward. How to effectively obtain the dynamic change information of geological bodies at a wide scale and the refined geological information of major geological bodies is a significant way to achieve "double-control of point and zone". Based on the construction of China's real scene 3D view, this article proposes to further construct the cooperative observation system of "Space-Air-Ground-Interior" landslides by relying on the opportunity of Real 3D China Construction. Through the Space-Air-Ground-Internal collaborative observation technology, the dynamic observation and perception capabilities of all-space and all-elements among relevant areas, including"ground and underground", "above water and underwater", "indoor and outdoor", "disaster causing body and disaster bearing body" can be achieved, by which the landslides prevention ability and level would be significantly promoted. In addition to building the Space-Air-Ground-Interior landslides collaborative observation system, this article focuses on the high-resolution nap-of-the-object photogrammetry technology, the rapid mapping technology of underwater topography based on multibeam bathymetry, and the rapid underwater terrain mapping technology based on multibeam bathymetry, and rapid fine mapping technology based on SLAM for closed space forms such as buildings and caves. The real scene 3D view is a digital virtual space that reflects and expresses the real, three-dimensional and sequential reflection and expression of human production, life and ecological space. Through the construction of landslide 'Space-Air-Ground-Internal' integrated collaborative observation technology can further improve China's landslide disaster prevention and control capabilities.
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Key words:
- 3D Real Scene /
- Landslides /
- Collaborative observation /
- SLAM /
- Nap-of-the-Object Photogrammetry
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图 1 基于实景三维的天-空-地-内滑坡协同观测体系
Figure 1. Collaborative observation system of "Space-Air-Ground-Internal" for landslide based on real scene 3D view
图 2 采用贴近摄影测量获取的精细化地质体影像
a. 贴近摄影测量获取的某库岸三维实景模型(红色框范围为图 2b；黄色框范围为图 2c；蓝色框范围为图 2d)；b. 危岩体三维影像；c. 山体裂缝三维影像；d. 滑坡堆积区的碎块石三维影像
Figure 2. Refined geological body images obtained by Nap-of-the-Object photogrammetry
图 3 岩体节理裂隙的自动提取与统计分析
a. 自动提取岩体的同组结构面；b. 自动生成的极点密度图
Figure 3. Automatic extraction and statistical analysis of joints and fissures in rock mass
图 4 基于实景三维的滑坡物联感知与监测预警架构
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of monitoring and early-warning techniques of landslide based on real scene 3D view
图 5 水上水下一体化探测技术
a. 同时搭载三维激光扫描和多波束测深仪的船只；b. 利用多波束测深仪测得的某库区水下地形
Figure 5. Integrated detection technology on the water and underwater
图 6 激光SLAM扫描建构筑物点云数据
a. 建构筑物外围轮廓；b. 建构筑物室内测量
Figure 6. Point cloud data of buildings scanned by laser SLAM
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