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FREEZE-THAW DEGRADATION CHARACTERISTICS OF CARBONACEOUS SLATE ROCK SURROUNDING HIGH COLD TUNNEL IN XINJIANG
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摘要: 围岩冻融损伤劣化加剧了寒区隧道衬砌结构破坏，为探究新疆高寒隧道强风化炭质板岩围岩冻融损伤劣化规律及各向异性特征，制取层理倾角θ=0°、45°、90° 3种板岩试样，在开放饱水的条件下进行了0次、10次、20次、30次、40次冻融循环试验，并对冻融循环后的试样进行宏观力学性能试验及断裂面扫描电镜测试。结果表明：在冻融循环作用下，强风化板岩的冻融损伤多集中于节理裂隙等软弱结构处，损伤模式主要为顺层理裂隙萌生、顺层理剥落及顺层理断裂，板岩自然饱和质量呈现先缓慢增加后迅速递减的趋势；不同层理倾角板岩强度特征差异较大且受风化作用与冻融循环作用影响显著，伴随着冻融循环次数的增加，板岩抗压强度、弹性模量均呈现非线性衰减趋势，冻融受荷损伤变量逐渐增大，3种层理倾角板岩抵抗冻融损伤作用的关系为0°＞90°＞45°；扫描电镜图像观察到板岩层理断裂表现出显著的脆性特征，但多次的冻融循环作用使板岩受荷破坏破裂面表现出一定的塑性特征。研究发现倾角为0°层理构造的板岩受冻融环境的影响相对较小，具有更加稳定的力学性质，研究揭示了强风化定向层理板岩各向异性冻融损伤劣化规律，可为定向产状结构围岩背景下的寒区隧道工程冻害风险评估提供参考。Abstract: This paper aims to explore the degradation law and anisotropic characteristics of freeze-thaw damage of strongly weathered carbonaceous slate surrounding rock in Xinjiang's high-cold tunnel. The authors obtained three types of slate rock samples with bedding angles of 0°,45°,and 90°,and conducted 0,10,20,30,and 40 freeze-thaw cycles under open saturated conditions. After the freeze-thaw cycles,the author conducted macroscopic mechanical performance tests and fracture surface scanning electron microscopy tests. The results show that under the action of freezing and thawing cycles,the freeze-thaw damage of strongly weathered slate is mostly concentrated at the weathered joint fissures,and the main damage modes are the initiation of bedding cracks,detachment of bedding,and fracture of bedding,the natural saturated mass of slate shows a trend of slow increase followed by rapid decrease. The strength characteristics of slate with different bedding angles vary greatly and are significantly affected by weathering and freeze-thaw cycles. With the increase of freeze-thaw cycles,the compressive strength and elastic modulus of slate rock samples exhibit a nonlinear attenuation trend,and the damage variable under freeze-thaw loading gradually increases,the relationship between the resistance to freeze-thaw damage of slate with three different bedding angles is 0°>90°>45°. Scanning electron microscopy images show that the bedding fracture of the slate exhibits significant brittle characteristics,but multiple freeze-thaw cycles cause the fracture surface of the slate to exhibit certain plastic characteristics under load. Research has found that slate with a dip angle of 0°bedding structure is less affected by the freeze-thaw environment and has more stable mechanical properties. The study has revealed the deterioration laws of anisotropic freeze-thaw damage in strongly weathered directional layered slate,which can provide reference for the risk assessment of freezing damage in cold region tunnel engineering under the background of directional occurrence structure surrounding rock.
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图 1 取样位置与围岩形貌
a. 取样位置；b. 隧道掌子面；c. 隧道围岩；d. 强风化岩块
Figure 1. Sampling location and rock morphology
图 6 试样冻融循环后质量变化情况
Figure 6. Quality change of carbonaceous slate in freeze-thaw cycles
图 8 冻融循环下不同层理倾角试样应力-应变曲线
a. 饱和岩样；b. 10次冻融循环；c. 20次冻融循环；d. 30次冻融循环；e. 40次冻融循环
Figure 8. Stress-strain curves of slate with different bedding dip angles under freeze-thaw cycles
图 9 冻融循环对板岩抗压强度和弹性模量的影响曲线
a. 抗压强度劣化趋势；b. 弹性模量劣化趋势
Figure 9. Influence curve of freeze-thaw cycle on compressive strength and elastic modulus of slate
图 12 冻融循环与荷载耦合作用下典型破裂面电镜扫描图
a. 0次冻融循环(剪切破裂面)；b. 20次冻融循环(剪切破裂面)；c. 40次冻融循环(剪切破裂面)；d. 0次冻融循环(拉伸破裂面)；e. 20次冻融循环(拉伸破裂面)；f. 40次冻融循环(拉伸破裂面)
Figure 12. Typical rupture surface electron microscope scans under coupled freeze-thaw cycles and loading
图 13 冻融循环对冻融损伤变量的影响曲线
Figure 13. Influence curve of freeze-thaw cycle on freeze-thaw damage variable
图 14 冻融受荷总损伤变量与冻融次数关系
a. θ=0°；b. θ=45°；c. θ=90°
Figure 14. Relation between total damage value under freeze-thaw load and freeze-thaw times
表 1 板岩基本物理参数
Table 1. Basic physical parameters of slate
岩性 干密度ρd
/g·cm-3饱和密度ρs
/g·cm-3饱和含水量ω
/%孔隙度n
/%板岩 2.62 2.67 2.07 5.40 
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表 2 板岩单轴抗压试验破坏机制
Table 2. Failure mechanism of slate uniaxial compression test
破坏机制 拉伸破坏 单斜面剪切破坏 X状共轭斜面剪切破坏 模型示意图 
单轴试验照片 
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表 3 冻融损伤变量Dn
Table 3. Freeze thaw damage variable Dn
循环次数n/次 θ=0° θ=45° θ=90° 0 0 0 0 10 0.0659 0.1647 0.0910 20 0.1482 0.3143 0.1833 30 0.2331 0.5777 0.3239 40 0.3195 0.7084 0.4797
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