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COLLAPSE DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERISTICS AND FAILURE MECHANISM OF ALTAY CAMEL PEAK IN XINJIANG
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摘要: 新疆阿勒泰骆驼峰崩塌位于阿勒泰市重点景区中，对游客、坡前公路及过往人员车辆构成威胁。新疆阿勒泰复向斜褶皱发育复杂，岩体在内外地质作用下劈理和节理等地质构造较为发育，导致该地区崩塌地质灾害危害程度较高。为有效防控阿勒泰市骆驼峰崩塌灾害，综合利用野外地质调查、InSAR监测、节理统计及理论分析等方法，探明了骆驼峰崩塌危岩体的几何形态和变形破坏特征，揭示了其成因和破坏机理。结果表明，研究区以滑移式崩塌为主，共分为崩塌区、陡崖斜坡和堆积区3个区段；得到最优势节理结构面曲线产状为37°∠70°，总结出该崩塌共存在3种岩体破坏模式；崩塌失稳模式为卸荷-拉裂-滑移，破坏机理可总结为地质构造-地形高差-节理结构面剪切-岩性差异性风化-水、冻融作用等因素诱发-岩体拉裂卸荷等多方面共同作用导致崩塌的变形破坏。研究成果可为阿勒泰骆驼峰景区地质灾害防灾减灾、景区开发规划提供参考，也为类似地区的凝灰岩崩塌灾害的发育特征及破坏机理研究提供借鉴。Abstract: The collapse of Altay Camel Peak in Xinjiang is located in the key amusement scenic spot of Altay City, which poses a threat to tourists, highways and passing people and vehicles in the scenic spot. The fold development of Altay synclinorium in Xinjiang is complex, and the geological structures such as cleavage and joint are developed under the internal and external geological effects, which leads to the high degree of collapse geological disasters in this area. In order to effectively prevent and control the collapse disaster of Camel Peak in Altay City, the geometric shape and deformation and failure characteristics of the dangerous rock mass of Camel Peak are proved by means of field geological survey, InSAR monitoring, joints statistics and theoretical analysis, and the causes and failure mechanism are revealed. The results show that the study area is dominated by sliding collapse, which is divided into three sections: collapse area, cliff slope and accumulation area. The occurrence of the most dominant joint structure surface curve was obtained to be 37°∠70°, and it was concluded that there were three rock mass failure modes in the collapse. The collapse instability mode is unloading-cracking-slipping. The failure mechanism can be summarized as geological structure-topographic height difference-joint structure surface shear-lithologic differential weathering-water, freeze-thaw action and other factors-rock mass cracking unloading and other aspects lead to collapse deformation and failure. The research results can provide a reference for geological disaster prevention and mitigation and scenic area development planning in Altay Camel Peak Scenic Area, and also provide a reference for the development characteristics and damage mechanism of tuff collapse disasters in similar areas.
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Key words:
- InSAR monitoring /
- Sliding collapse /
- Instability mode /
- Failure mechanism
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图 1 阿勒泰骆驼峰崩塌地理位置图(影像来自Google Earth)
Figure 1. Altay camel peak collapse location map(Image from Google Earth)
图 2 骆驼峰崩塌典型工程地质剖面图
Figure 2. Typical engineering geological profile of Luotuofeng collapse
图 4 骆驼峰崩塌落石位置及规模
Figure 4. The location and scale of the collapse rockfall in the camel peak
图 5 “X”型节理形态及崩塌体赤平投影图
a. “X”型节理形态；b. 崩塌体赤平投影图
Figure 5. "X" joint morphology and stereographic projection of collapse body
图 6 骆驼峰崩塌16处危岩体赤平投影图
Figure 6. The stereographic projection of 16 dangerous rock masses in Luotuofeng collapse
图 7 骆驼峰危岩体节理统计图
a. 节理散点图；b. 倾角统计分组；c. 倾向统计分组；d. 最优势节理结构面
Figure 7. Luotuofeng dangerous rock mass joint statistics
图 10 骆驼峰崩塌InSAR形变量图
a. 骆驼峰崩塌竖直方向形变量图；b. 骆驼峰崩塌水平方向形变量图
Figure 10. InSAR deformation map of Camel peak collapse
图 11 骆驼峰崩塌破坏模式分析(极射赤平投影法)
Figure 11. Analysis of collapse failure mode of camel peak(polar stereographic projection method)
图 12 骆驼峰崩塌失稳破坏模式典型照片
Figure 12. Typical photos of collapse failure mode of camel peak collapse
图 14 骆驼峰崩塌危岩体分布图
Figure 14. The distribution map of the dangerous rock mass of the camel peak collapse
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