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ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF SALINE SOILS AND INFLUENCING FACTORS IN DEBRIS FLOW DISASTER PREVENTION ENGINEERING AREA OF SHACHE COUNTY
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摘要: 本文对莎车县泥石流防治工程区域2 m范围内的表层土进行了系统性采样，并对其含盐量进行分析，对该区域盐渍土的分布特征、对防治工程的影响、盐渍土的成因及盐渍化影响因素进行深入探讨。研究发现，研究区主要是中、弱盐渍土，强盐渍土的分布区域很小，没有出现超盐渍土。在气象、地形、地下水、地层岩性等因素综合作用下，研究范围内土壤盐分之中各个离子的相对含量由于盐分含量的不断增加出现了规律性改变。平面上分布呈现自南向北逐渐增强的趋势，临近叶尔羌河方向，盐渍化程度越来越高。垂向上，盐渍土出现明显的分带性和表聚性，表层普遍积盐，全区范围内易溶盐总体上呈向下含盐量逐渐降低的趋势；土壤pH值变化随垂向深度增加而增大。研究区内工程病害为结构物裂缝，分为表面裂缝和深部变形裂缝两类，盐分对工程的侵入破坏导致防治工程表面裂缝的产生，盐渍土的盐胀和溶陷特性导致深部变形裂缝的产生。利用SPSS25对盐渍化的影响因素进行回归分析得到，研究区含盐量与矿化度、潜水埋深、高程空间分布吻合度较高，矿化度与研究区土壤含盐量空间相关性最高，且表现为直接影响。研究成果可为莎车县地质灾害防灾减灾、地区开发建设提供参考，并对其他类似地区盐渍土的研究提供借鉴。Abstract: This paper intends to systematically sample the topsoil within 2 m of the debris flow prevention area in Shache County and analyze its saltness. The distribution characteristics of saline soils in the area,the impact on the prevention area,the causes of saline soils and the factors influencing salinization are discussed in depth. It is found that the study area is mainly medium and weakly saline soils,with very small areas of strong saline soils and no hyper saline soils. The relative content of each ion in the soil salinity in the study area changes regularly due to the increasing saltness,under a combination of meteorological,topographical,groundwater and formation lithology factors. The planimetric distribution showed a gradual increase from south to north,with increasing salinization towards the Yarkant River. Upwards,saline soils showed a clear zonation and superficial aggregation,with a general accumulation of salt in the surface layer and a general downward trend in the salinity of eutectic salts throughout the region. Soil pH changes enhance with increasing depth in the vertical direction. The engineering diseases in the study area are structural cracks,which are divided into two categories: surface cracks and deep deformation cracks. The salt intrusion damage to the project is the cause of surface cracks in the prevention and control works. The salt swelling and dissolution characteristics of saline soils lead to the production of deep deformation cracks. Regression analysis of the factors influencing salinity using SPSS25 yielded that the spatial distribution patterns of salinity and mineralization,groundwater depth and elevation in the study area coincided well. Mineralisation enjoys the highest spatial correlation with soil salinity in the study area and showed a direct effect. The results of the study can provide reference for the prevention and mitigation of geological hazards and regional development and construction in Shache County,which provide reference for the study of saline soils in other similar areas.
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Key words:
- Saline soils /
- Salinity /
- Prevention engineering /
- Spatial distribution /
- Influencing factors
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图 2 研究区地表及浅层土壤特征
a. 防治工程覆盖大量盐霜; b. 探井内垂向分布情况
Figure 2. Surface and shallow soil characteristics of the study area
图 6 防治工程区表面裂缝
Figure 6. Prevention and treatment of surface cracks in the project area
图 7 (a)Aft针状晶体及能谱图和(b)水泥石中的CaSO4·2H2O晶体及能谱图
Figure 7. (a)Aft needle crystal and energy spectrum; (b)Crystals and energy spectrum of CaSO4·2H2O in cementite
图 8 防治工程区深部变形裂缝
Figure 8. Prevention and treatment of deep deformation cracks in the engineering area
图 10 研究区典型取样探井土层结构
Figure 10. Soil structure of typical sampled exploratory wells in the study area
表 1 盐渍土含盐量统计特征值及其空间变异系数
Table 1. Saline soil total salt contents and its spatial variation coefficient at different sampling sites
研究区 样本数 最小值 最大值 平均值 中值 极差 标准差 变异系数 含盐量/% 乡镇府周边防治工程区(GC1) 9 0.43 1.57 0.87 0.79 1.14 0.38 0.47 夏合拉村、加依巴格村防治工程区(GC2) 17 0.49 3.70 1.85 1.89 3.21 0.89 0.48 托力坎特村防治工程区(GC3) 22 0.06 2.93 0.85 0.59 2.87 0.78 0.92 托力坎特小学防治工程区(GC4) 8 0.07 4.45 1.26 0.35 4.38 1.747 0.72 达木斯乡8村2组防治工程区(GC5) 19 0.04 1.62 0.65 0.50 1.58 0.51 0.80 吐木休克村防治工程区(GC6) 16 0.03 1.45 0.49 0.29 1.42 0.47 0.95 
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表 2 盐渍土pH特征值及具体的空间变异系数
Table 2. Saline soil pH characteristic values and specific spatial coefficients of variation
盐渍土特征 研究区 样本数 最小值 最大值 平均值 中值 极差 标准差 变异系数 pH值 乡镇府周边防治工程区(GC1) 9 7.43 8.40 7.69 7.54 0.97 3.34 0.43 夏合拉村、加依巴格村防治工程区(GC2) 17 7.42 8.20 7.59 7.56 0.78 3.80 0.50 托力坎特村防治工程区(GC3) 22 6.66 9.12 7.54 7.69 2.46 3.99 0.50 托力坎特小学防治工程区(GC4) 8 6.52 6.90 6.51 6.67 0.38 3.36 0.50 达木斯乡8村2组防治工程区(GC5) 19 6.74 8.10 7.49 7.50 1.36 3.73 0.50 吐木休克村防治工程区(GC6) 16 6.88 7.48 7.27 7.33 0.60 3.64 0.50
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表 3 盐渍土和一般土的三相物质组成
Table 3. Three-phase material composition of saline and general soils
名称 固相划分 备注 盐渍土 
称四相：盐溶液相、固相、盐晶相和气相 一般土 称三相：盐溶液相、固相和气相 注：因盐渍土中固相含有土颗粒和盐分，故由①+②+③组成A，其余B、C相与一般土相同
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表 4 各因素相关性系数表
Table 4. Table of correlation coefficients for each factor
含盐量 矿化度 高程 潜水埋深 含盐量 1 0.742 -0.446 -0.531 矿化度 0.742 1 -0.328 -0.781 高程 -0.446 -0.328 1 0.479 潜水埋深 -0.531 -0.781 0.479 1
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表 5 回归系数表
Table 5. Table of regression coefficients
模型 未标准化系数 标准化系数 t 显著性p B 标准误差 Beta 常量 39.407 8.052 4.894 0 矿化度 3.137 0.483 0.558 1.982 0.043 高程 -0.628 0.006 -0.294 -4.836 0 潜水埋深 -2.413 0.584 -0.352 -4.158 0
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