Abstract: The development and utilization of deep-sea oil and gas is a crucial solution to our energy challenges. The submarine geological hazards are likely generated by natural factors(earthquake, et al.) and human being activities(exploitation, et al.), threatening the safety of major engineering and existing facilities. This work reviews the existing research status of the generation mechanism and multi-scale evolution pattern of marine geological hazards. Moreover, it also summarizes the vulnerability of marine geological hazards, engineering facility, and the current status of risk assessment. According to the literature, the research on geological hazards faces several challenges. Firstly, there is a scarcity of monitoring data and a lack of targeted multi-field/multi-phase coupling analysis methods and multi-scale numerical analysis methods; Secondly, the existing basic data, evaluation models, and accuracy of studying geological hazard susceptibility and vulnerability are insufficient to meet the existing demand; Thirdly, the evaluation index system used in risk assessment is not objective and scientific, and lacks systematic theoretical methods and software suitable for engineering practice, as well as relevant norms and standards for risk control standards and response measures of seabed geological hazards. This paper proposes several solutions to address the challenges faced in the research of geological hazards in the Qiongdongnan Basin. These solutions encompass exploration technology of reservoir, macro and micro constitutive models of sediment, multi-scale numerical simulation, and the dynamic theory of landslide impact force. Furthermore, it suggests that risk identification, risk assessment, and mitigation measures should be integrated to achieve controllable risk development. At the same time, with the help of new methods such as artificial intelligence, this paper proposes a multi-scale and multi-spatial-temporal coupling digital triplet framework, which provides the reference for geological hazard research of large hydrate reservoir(Qiongdongnan Basin, et al.)exploitation in the next step.