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COMSOL MULTIPHYSIC BASED CALCULATION MODEL OF CRITICAL RAINFALL THRESHOLD FOR RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDE—A CASE STUDY OF KARAHAYISU LANDSLIDE IN XINYUAN COUNTY, XINJIANG
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摘要: 本文以新源县喀拉海依苏滑坡隐患体为研究案例，采用COMSOL Multiphysics数值模拟有限元软件，建立了基于非饱和渗流理论与Mohr-Coulomb准则的滑坡稳定性计算模型。根据数值模拟结果得到研究区滑坡体原始应力分布与初始孔隙压力的分布情况、在降雨入渗条件下的内部应力、有效塑性应变、塑性区、含水率、潜在滑移面等的分布情况，并计算得到滑坡体在降雨入渗条件下的安全系数。根据模型计算，滑坡体在不同降雨入渗工况下的安全系数随降雨量的增大而减小，滑坡体在连续降雨5天的临界阈值为218.82 mm，根据安全系数的变化可得到滑坡体临界降雨阈值。该论文提供了一种强度折减安全系数计算降雨型黄土滑坡降雨阈值的数值模拟方法，研究结果为西北地区降雨型黄土滑坡失稳破坏的临界降雨阈值研究提供了一种有效的研究手段。
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关键词:
- 滑坡 /
- COMSOL Multiphysics /
- 降雨阈值
Abstract: This paper takes the hidden dangerous Karahayisu Landslide in Xinyuan County, Xinjiang as a research case, and uses the COMSOL Multiphysics numerical simulation finite element software to establish a calculation model for landslide stability based on unsaturated seepage theory and Mohr-Coulomb criterion. The numerical simulation results give the original stress distribution and initial pore pressure distribution of the landslide in the study area, the internal stress, effective plastic strain, plastic zone, water content and potential slip surface distribution under rainfall infiltration conditions. The safety factor of the slope under rainfall infiltration is calculated. Based on the model calculation, the safety factor of the sliding slope decreases with the increase of rainfall under different infiltration conditions. The critical rainfall threshold of the sliding slope can be gained based on the variation of the safety factor. This study proposes a different way to calculate the rainfall threshold of rainfall-induced loess landslide using the strength reduction safety factor, also provides an effective method for studying the critical rainfall threshold of rainfall-induced loess landslide.-
Key words:
- Landslide /
- COMSOL Multiphysics /
- Rainfall threshold
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图 4 检测仪器埋置方法示意图
a. 一体式温湿监测站示意图；b. 地表位移监测桩示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of embedding method of detection instrument: (a) schematic diagram of integrated temperature and humidity monitoring station; (b) schematic diagram of surface displacement monitoring pile
图 5 监测点2021年度日均降雨量与气温变化图
Figure 5. The daily average rainfall and temperature change map of monitoring points in 2021
图 6 监测点3号水分计2021年度土壤水分监测结果图
Figure 6. Annual soil moisture monitoring results map of monitoring point 3 moisture meter in 2021
图 10 塑性条件下初始孔隙压力云图
Figure 10. Initial pore pressure cloud diagram under plastic condition
图 11 塑性条件下原始应力云图
Figure 11. The original stress cloud diagram under plastic conditions
图 12 不同降雨入渗时长后坡体含水率分布图
a. 降雨入渗0 h后；b. 降雨入渗5 h后；c. 降雨入渗12 h后；d. 降雨入渗24 h后；e. 降雨入渗48 h后；f. 降雨入渗120 h后
Figure 12. Water content distribution in the slope at different infiltration time after rainfall: (a) 0 hours after rainfall infiltration; (b) 5 hours after rainfall infiltration; (c) 12 hours after rainfall infiltration; (d) 24 hours after rainfall infiltration; (e) 48 hours after rainfall infiltration; (f) 120 hours after rainfall infiltration
图 15 不同降雨工况下滑坡体安全系数与参数化的黏聚力变化图
Figure 15. The safety factor of landslide and the parametric cohesion variation diagram under different rainfall conditions
表 1 研究区地层岩性及分布关系表
Table 1. The table of stratigraphic lithology and distribution relationship in the study area
地层 岩性特征及分布位置 第四系上更新统风积层(Q3eol) 主要分布在监测点南部斜坡，岩性主要为粉土，厚度由坡顶向坡脚逐渐增大，总厚度小于101 m 第四系滑坡堆积层(Q4dl) 主要分布在监测点东侧沟谷内，由HP3滑坡滑动后堆积形成，岩性主要为粉土，总厚度小于10 m 第四系全新统冲洪积层(Q4apl) 主要分布在滑坡监测站北部河谷平原，地层岩性结构主要分两种，上部岩性主要以粉土为主，厚度小于30 m；下部地层多由卵砾石、沙砾等组成，厚度小于20 m 侵入岩 监测点区域内侵入岩体大多下伏于第四系以下，部分出露于南部斜坡山脊沿线，为华力西晚期第二侵入次花岗岩(γ43b)，岩体多呈灰色-杂色，坚硬，矿物成分主要以斜长石、钾长石及石英为主，根据区域资料，厚度大于200m 
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表 2 滑坡体土层基本参数表
Table 2. Basic parameters of landslide soil layer
杨氏模量
E/Pa泊松比
μ黏聚力
c/kPa内摩擦角
φ/(°)渗透系数
Ks/m·h-1天然密度
ρ/kg·m-3孔隙比
e2.33×106 0.3 22 20 0.2 1160 0.913
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表 3 模型计算工况与计算
Table 3. Model calculation conditions and calculation
序号 降雨量
/mm入渗流速
/m·h-1参数化黏聚力c′
/kPa安全系数Fr 1 56.27 0.09 18.29 1.20 2 93.78 0.15 20.00 1.10 3 125.04 0.20 20.55 1.07 4 156.30 0.25 20.83 1.06 5 187.56 0.30 21.43 1.03 6 218.82 0.35 22.74 1.00 7 250.08 0.40 22.39 0.98
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