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CHARACTERISTICS OF SNOWDRIFT AND PREVENTION MEASURES IN YULTUZ BASIN
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摘要: 风吹雪作为一种由气流挟带起分散的雪粒在近地面运行的二相流现象，在风的作用下发生迁移与重新沉积。风吹雪成灾是雪颗粒、大气流场、微地貌等因素多重作用的结果。拟建伊宁(伊)—阿克苏(阿)铁路穿越尤路都斯盆地，盆地冬春季气候寒冷，降雪量较大，地面常形成较厚的积雪，发育有风吹雪灾害，可对研究区内交通工程安全造成潜在威胁。本文以新疆天山地区尤路都斯盆地风吹雪为研究对象，通过现场气象监测、冬季雪害调查等方法对盆地内积雪与风吹雪特征进行研究。进而以受风吹雪影响较大的拟建铁路阿尔先段为例，系统分析该区段风吹雪成因特征及其工程防治措施。研究发现尤路都斯盆地风吹雪宏观孕灾背景主要是受西伯利亚寒流和蒙古高压的影响，冷空气使盆地产生强劲西北向大风。低温和较低的湿度使得积雪能够以较低密度的形式持续存在，进而在较低风速下启动形成风吹雪。通过拟建铁路阿尔先段典型路堑工程数值模拟研究，得出积雪平台宽度宜设置为5 m，下导风板与水平面夹角设为90°，下导风口高度设置为1.6 m，下导风板板高设置为5 m。研究成果可为寒区交通建设防灾减灾提供有益借鉴。Abstract: Snowdrift refers to the two-phase flow in which snow particles disperse by airflow and move close to the ground. The proposed Yining-Aksu Railway traverses Yultuz Basin,where is cold with significant snowfall in the winter and spring. Snowdrift disasters are prevalent in this area and pose a threat to the safety of transportation engineering. In this paper,the characteristics of snow accumulation and snowdrift in Yultuz Basin of the Tian Shan region,Xinjiang are analyzed through the field investigation and in-situ monitoring. Considering the Aerxian section of the proposed railway will be significantly affected by snowdrift,this section is taken as an example to analyze the origin of snowdrift and design of preventive measures. The results indicate the disaster-inducing conditions of snowdrift in Yultuz Basin are mainly influenced by the cold snap from Siberian and high atmospheric pressure system in Mongolian. Cold air induces strong northwester wind in the basin. The snow can be kept in a low-density state in low temperatures and humidity condition and evolves into snowdrift at relative low wind speed. Based on the numerical analysis of the typical road cut section in the Aerxian section of this railway,it is suggest that the snow platform width should be set to 5 meters. The angle between the lower deflector plate and the horizontal plane is 90°,while the height of the lower deflector opening is 1.6 meters,and the height of the lower deflector plate is 5 meters. It is expected to provide reference for disaster prevention and reduction of transportation construction in cold regions.
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Key words:
- Snowdrift /
- Origin analysis /
- Prevention and control measures /
- Yultuz Basin
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图 2 尤鲁都斯盆地积雪特征
a. 积雪颗粒粒径; b. 积雪温度梯度; c. 积雪硬化形成的薄壳; d. 积雪剖面深霜层
Figure 2. Snow characteristics in the Yultuz Basin: (a)Snow particle size distribution; (b)Snow temperature gradient; (c)Thin crust formed by snow hardening; (d)Deep frost layer in the snow profile
图 3 尤鲁都斯盆地风吹雪特征
a. 巴音布鲁克风吹雪吹蚀作用; b. 阿拉斯台风吹雪雪檐塌落; c. 拉尔墩停车场风吹雪背风堆积掩埋道路; d. 火烧桥风吹雪屏障堆积
Figure 3. Characteristics of snowdrift in the Yultuz Basin:(a) snowdrift erosion in Bayinbrook; (b) snow cornice collapse in Alasitai; (c)road buried by leeward snowdrift in Laerdun; (d)snowdrift barrier in Huoshaoqiao
图 4 阿尔先冬半年大于4 m·s-1风向玫瑰花图
Figure 4. Winter wind rose of Aerxian for wind speeds greater than 4 m·s-1
图 8 积雪平台不同设置宽度流场图
Figure 8. Flow field diagram of snow accumulation platform with different width settings
图 9 下导风板与水平面不同夹角下的流场分布
Figure 9. Flow field distribution of lower wind deflector at different angles with the horizontal plane
图 10 下导风口不同高度下的流场分布
Figure 10. Flow field distribution of lower wind nozzle at different heights
图 11 下导风板不同板高下的流场分布
Figure 11. Flow field distribution at different heights of lower wind deflector plate
表 1 典型路堑断面数值模拟参数表
Table 1. Parameters of numerical model of road cut section
参数名称 参数取值 入口空气密度/kg·m-3 1.225 实测新雪密度/kg·m-3 117 雪粒径/mm 0.2 动力黏度系数/kg·(m·s)-1 1.789×10-5 雪相入口体积分数 2% 地面粗糙度指数 0.15 
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