干湿-冻融循环下膨胀土裂隙发育和强度劣化研究

    FISSURE DEVELOPMENT AND STRENGTH DETERIORATION OF AN EXPANSIVE SOIL EXPOSED TO WETTING-DRYING AND FREEZING-THAWING CYCLES

    • 摘要: 膨胀土对周期性湿度与温度波动(干湿-冻融循环)的自然营力作用极为敏感,易引起土体开裂而劣化力学特性。对经历不同干-湿、冻-融、干湿-冻融循环次数的膨胀土试样,开展了3D激光扫描试验和直剪试验,探讨其裂隙发育和剪切特性劣化规律,以及两者之间的内在联系。结果表明:干-湿、冻-融、干湿-冻融循环对膨胀土的裂隙发育和剪切特性皆存在明显影响,且影响程度呈现非线性叠加,耦合效应明显。其中干湿循环的影响最为显著,干湿-冻融循环次之,冻融循环最小;黏聚力c和内摩擦角φ随干湿、冻融和干湿-冻融循环次数的增大均呈非线性减小趋势,且试验点在较宽的分布带内;而当引入裂隙率D和接近剪切面裂隙率占比D′时,不同自然营力下膨胀土c-D关系、φ-D′关系呈平缓-陡变-平稳的3阶段变化规律且具有归一性特征;据此,搭建了裂隙与抗剪强度之间的直接联系,构建了考虑裂隙影响的膨胀土抗剪强度公式,计算与试验结果皆吻合较好。

       

      Abstract: Expansive soil is highly sensitive to weathering loading such as water infiltration and evaporation, or temperature changes(wetting-drying and freezing-thawing cycles), making it prone to cracking and thus degradation of its mechanical properties. To demonstrate the development of cracking and shearing performance as well as the association between the two, laboratory testing programs on expansive soil exposed to various wetting-drying(WD), freezing-thawing(FT), and wetting-drying after freezing-thawing(WD-FT)cycles were carried out, incorporating a 3D laser scanning and a direct shear device. According to the laboratory results, WD, FT, or WD-FT weathering has a significant impact on cracking development and shear properties of the expansive soil, and the degree of influence showed a non-linear superposition, with obvious coupling effects. Among those, WD weathering has the most significant effect, followed by WD-FT weathering, and FT weathering has the least effect. Both cohesion(c) and internal friction angle(φ)nonlinearly decreased with increases in the number of WD, FT, and WD-FT cycles, and the data points were in a wide distribution band. The fissure rate, D, and the percentage of fissure rate close to the shear surface, D′, were introduced, and the data points of c-D and φ-D′ relations of the expansive soil under different weathering loading show a gentle-steep-smooth change, collapsing into a single curve. Accordingly, a direct link between fissure and shear strength was established, and a formula for shear strength of the expansive soil was proposed by considering the effect of fissure. There was a good comparison between the calculated and measured data that establishes the rationality and validity of the proposed formula.

       

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