Abstract:
Volume fracturing in shale formations creates a complex fracture network where natural fractures and induced fractures intersect under the combined effects of in-situ stress and fracture pressure. Field practices have shown that during the fracturing evolution of this complex network, marine and continental shale reservoirs exhibit significant differences in sensitivity to proppant injection of varying particle sizes. Through outcrop profile geological survey and drilling core collection, the structural differences of marine and continental shale rock masses were comparatively analyzed. By analyzing hydraulic fracturing data from horizontal wells, combined with discrete fracture network(DFN)simulation of displacement-discontinuity boundary element, the mechanism of the difference in proppant sensitivity between marine and continental shale volume fracturing is revealed. The results show that continental shale displays a layered lithologic structure with developed various rock structural planes, demonstrating significant heterogeneity. Under similar operating conditions, the ground-collected pressure fluctuates greatly when proppant is injected into continental shale reservoirs with high-pressure fluid, indicating a stronger sensitivity to proppants compared to marine shale. Differences in rock structure between marine and continental shale lead to varied fracture initiation, propagation mechanisms, and fracture network morphology during hydraulic fracturing. The more developed natural fractures and weak structural planes are, the greater the fluid loss and the lower net pressure within fractures under the same injection conditions, resulting in smaller average hydraulic fracture aperture. The larger the angle between natural fractures and the maximum horizontal principal stress, hydraulic fractures will turn and propagate towards the direction of the maximum horizontal principal stress after intersecting with natural fractures. As a result, the apertures of fractures in the turning segments tend to be smaller, which can result in the accumulation and settling of proppants, thereby leading to stronger proppant sensitivity. This study provides practical guidance for optimizing hydraulic fracturing strategies for continental shale reservoirs.