不同沟道类型泥石流危险性评价与差异研究

    RISK ASSESSMENT AND DIFFERENTIAL STUDY OF DEBRIS FLOW IN DIFFERENT CHANNEL TYPES

    • 摘要: 针对不同沟道类型泥石流的成灾特征提出相应的防治策略与措施,对于泥石流防灾减灾具有重要意义。本文通过现场调查、试验和无人机航测获取了16条不同类型泥石流沟的基本参数,采用数值模拟方法并结合现场勘察对其运动参数进行了评价,分析和研究不同沟道类型泥石流危险性及其主要影响因素,主要结果包括:(1)随着沟道由宽缓型转变为窄陡型,泥石流流通区流速总体表现为逐渐增大,而泥深则逐渐减小;(2)掩埋危险性和冲击危险性分别与流通区泥深和流速关系密切;(3)宽缓型泥石流沟以掩埋危险性为主,宜采用“拦挡为主,排导为辅”的防治策略;而窄陡型以冲击危险性为主,宜采用“排导为主,拦挡为辅”的防治策略;过渡型可根据其具体的危险性特征,因地制宜的选择防治策略。研究成果可为不同沟道类型泥石流防灾减灾提供新的思路和依据。

       

      Abstract: It is of great significance to put forward corresponding prevention and control strategies and measures for the disaster-causing characteristics of debris flows in different channel types for the prevention and mitigation of debris flows. In this paper,the basic parameters of 16 different types of debris flow gullies were obtained through field investigation,testing and UAV aerial surveying,and their motion parameters were evaluated by numerical simulation combined with field investigation,in order to analyze and study the risk of debris flow in different gully types and their main influencing factors. The main conclusions include: (1)As the channel changes from a wide and gentle type to a narrow and steep type,the flow velocity in the debris flow runout area generally increases gradually,while the debris depth gradually decreases; (2)The burial hazard and impact hazard are closely related to the debris depth and flow velocity in the runout area,respectively; (3)Wide and gentle debris flow gullies are mainly prone to burial hazards,and it is advisable to adopt a prevention and control strategy of "blocking as the main approach,and drainage as a supplement"; The narrow and steep type is mainly prone to impact hazards,and it is advisable to adopt a prevention and control strategy of "drainage as the main approach,blocking as a supplement"; The transition type can choose prevention and control strategies according to its specific risk characteristics and local conditions. The research results can provide new ideas and a basis for disaster prevention and mitigation of debris flows in different types of channels.

       

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