Abstract: From ground-based observation to space exploration and manned missions, humanity's exploration of planets has persisted for over 400 years. Since the 21st century, the world has entered a second wave of international planetary exploration enthusiasm. China's planetary exploration program has flourished, with an intensive and well-ordered series of missions planned for the future. These missions include the construction of lunar scientific research stations/bases, asteroid and Mars sampling, and manned lunar landings. In response to these mission requirements, the concept and research scope of planetary engineering geology have been proposed. This discipline addresses key engineering geological challenges in planetary exploration, such as the physical and mechanical properties of planetary soils, the geological site selection for planetary scientific research stations/bases, planetary human habitation, and methods for planetary resource exploration and extraction. Key planetary geological engineering technologies that need development include in-situ testing techniques for planetary engineering geological properties, planetary sampling and packaging technologies, planetary surface mobility technologies, evaluation and control technologies for plume-surface interaction, and planetary mining technologies. Finally, the paper highlights the importance of fostering interdisciplinary integration, emphasizing the development of artificial intelligence and robotic engineering technologies, accelerating advancements in multi-scale testing technologies under extreme planetary environments, training talent in planetary engineering geology, and promoting the sustainable development of the discipline.