陆地滑坡透明土模型构建关键技术及初步应用试验

    KEY TECHNOLOGIES AND PRELIMINARY APPLICATIONS OF TRANSPARENT CEMENTED SOIL MODELS FOR TERRESTRIAL LANDSLIDES

    • 摘要: 物理模拟是滑坡灾害研究的重要手段之一,透明土试验技术的发展为滑坡灾害可视化研究奠定了基础。但是现有透明土材料在陆地滑坡模型中存在透明度不足、制备工艺干扰力学性能、液浸依赖性强等技术局限,影响模型的适用性和可靠性。为提高透明土材料的透明度和适用性,本文针对透明胶结材料配制与透明度调控两个关键技术开展研究,通过系统优化制备流程,控制熔融石英砂粒径、气相二氧化硅配比及矿物油调配比例等关键参数,研制适用于非浸没条件的透明胶结材料,突破传统透明土模型对液浸的依赖性。三轴剪切试验表明,配制透明胶结材料的内摩擦角与黏聚力范围与天然岩土接近,可有效模拟不同粒径岩土的变形特征。同时,基于固-液配比调控、真空饱和及负压静置操作,可以有效提升透明胶结材料的透明度,在平衡透明特性与结构强度的同时,确保滑坡物理模型与实际工况力学特性的一致性。基于本文技术构建的透明胶结材料模型,可以实现降雨入渗路径动态捕捉与灾变机制三维可视化观测,为地质灾害模拟提供高精度实验方法,概念模型的初步应用试验也充分验证透明土技术在滑坡模型构建中的可靠性及工程应用潜力。

       

      Abstract: Physical simulation represents a critical methodology in landslide hazard research. The emergence of transparent soil technology has enabled visual observation of landslide processes, though existing transparent soil materials face limitations in terrestrial landslide modeling, including inadequate transparency, preparation methods that alter mechanical properties, and strong dependence on liquid immersion—factors that collectively reduce model applicability and reliability. To improve both the transparency and practicality of transparent cemented soil, this study focused on two key aspects: material formulation and transparency control. Through systematic optimization of the preparation process, critical parameters such as fused quartz sand particle size, fumed silica content, and mineral oil ratio were regulated. This resulted in the development of a transparent cemented soil suitable for non-immersed conditions, overcoming the traditional dependency on liquid submersion. Triaxial shear tests confirmed that the internal friction angle and cohesion of the formulated material closely approximate those of natural geomaterials, effectively simulating the deformation behavior of soils with different grain sizes. Furthermore, by optimizing solid-liquid ratios, applying vacuum saturation, and utilizing negative-pressure static placement, the transparency of the material was significantly improved. This approach ensures a balance between optical clarity and mechanical strength while maintaining consistency between the physical model and real-world soil behavior. The transparent cemented soil model developed using these techniques enables dynamic tracking of rainfall infiltration paths and three-dimensional visual observation of failure mechanisms, offering a high-precision experimental tool for geohazard simulation. Preliminary application tests of the conceptual model have further validated the reliability of the transparent soil technology in landslide model construction and its potential for engineering applications.

       

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