川南深层页岩断层滑移致套管变形分析与展望

    ANALYSIS AND PROSPECTS OF CASING DEFORMATION INDUCED BY FAULT SLIP IN DEEP SHALE RESERVOIRS OF SOUTHERN SICHUAN BASIN

    • 摘要: 川南深层页岩是我国当前非常规页岩气资源开发的关键储层,面临严峻的套管变形挑战。这一问题的主要致灾机理与工程扰动下的断层滑移密切相关,然而部分套管变形发生机制尚不清晰。本文旨在揭示川南深层高温高压页岩储层中断层滑移与套管变形的内在关联与控制机理,系统分析了页岩矿物组分、地层温度及高孔隙压力对断层摩擦稳定性的综合影响,重点总结并探究了多因素影响的页岩储层断层滑动的3种可能机制:注水降低断层有效应力、孔弹性应力传递和近端稳滑诱导远端失稳滑动。研究表明:断层滑移模式受黏土矿物含量和地层温度的共同制约,两者存在竞争效应。一方面,黏土矿物含量的增加会显著降低断层摩擦系数并提升摩擦速率强化参数(a-b),促使断层发生稳定的无震蠕滑;另一方面,深层储层的高温环境则会降低(a-b)值,增加断层失稳滑动的风险。本文针对性地提出在高黏土含量的页岩层段,水力压裂可诱发无明显微地震信号的剪切蠕滑,这构成了传统监测手段难以预警的套管变形的关键机制。因此,深层页岩气的安全开发不仅要关注应力状态,更需建立基于矿物组成的断层活动性风险评价体系,并针对富黏土矿物区域优化压裂方案与变形监测策略,以有效防控套管变形灾害。

       

      Abstract: The development of deep shale gas reservoirs in the Southern Sichuan Basin faces significant challenges due to severe casing deformation,primarily caused by fault slip triggered by engineering activities. However,a subset of such deformation events lacks clear microseismic precursors,leaving their underlying mechanisms poorly understood. This study investigates the intrinsic relationship and governing mechanisms between fault slip and casing deformation in deep,high-temperature,and high-pressure shale reservoirs in Southern Sichuan. A systematic analysis was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of shale mineral composition,formation temperature,and high pore pressure on the frictional stability of faults. The results indicate that the fault slip behavior is jointly controlled by clay mineral content and formation temperature,which exhibit competing influences. An increase in clay mineral content significantly reduces the friction coefficient of the fault while raising the rate-strengthening parameter(a-b),promoting stable aseismic creep. In contrast,the high-temperature conditions prevalent in deep reservoirs tend to lower the(a-b)value,increasing the potential for unstable fault slip with tremor-like characteristics. It is proposed that in clay-rich shale intervals,hydraulic fracturing can induce large-scale shear creep with minimal microseismic response,representing a critical mechanism for casing deformation that is difficult to predict using conventional monitoring methods. Therefore,the safe development of deep shale gas requires not only consideration of the in-situ stress state but also the establishment of a fault activity risk assessment system based on mineral composition. Accordingly,fracturing design and deformation monitoring strategies should be optimized for clay-rich intervals to effectively mitigate casing deformation risks.

       

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