Abstract: Rainfall is one of the primary factors triggering the deterioration of rammed earth sites in Northwest China. Understanding the distribution patterns and response characteristics of temperature and volumetric moisture content in different structural zones of these sites during rainfall is essential for analyzing deterioration mechanisms. By analyzing monitoring data on temperature, volumetric water content, and ambient humidity during rainfall events at representative rammed earth sites across different climatic zones in Northwest China, this study identified typical response phases of the rainfall process. The existence of a thermo-hydraulic erosion front was confirmed during these phases, and its characteristics were quantified based on fundamental soil properties. The results indicate that variations in temperature and volumetric moisture content in the monitored sections showed strong consistency with external environmental changes during rainfall. Spatially, the responses exhibited a pattern of lower values in central areas and higher values at the edges, with peripheral zones showing a strong correlation with external conditions. Furthermore, the response characteristics of the rammed earth sites to temperature and moisture content were quantitatively related to the basic physical parameters of the soil material.