Abstract: Deep geological storage of mine water is emerging as an important technical approach to address risks of mine water inrush, water resource shortages, and environmental pollution. However, in engineering applications, the understanding of the influence of the target layer's engineering hydrogeological structure on mine water storage remains insufficient. Therefore, this paper classifies the engineering hydrogeological structures for mine water storage based on the pairwise combination relationship of "water source+storage target layer". The water source includes five types: surface water, coal seam roof water, coal seam floor water, inrush water, and other water source types; the storage target layer comprises six categories: unconsolidated media aquifer, sandstone aquifer, karst aquifer, burnt rock aquifer, bed separation space, and goaf storage space. The main geological characteristics and engineering applicability of each engineering hydrogeological structure are clarified. The research showed that: (1) the "surface water+storage target layer" structure exhibited a high storage rate and was suitable for shallow mining areas with abundant mine water sources; (2) the "coal seam roof water+storage target layer" and "coal seam floor water+storage target layer" structures were applicable to medium-deep mines, utilizing unconsolidated media, sandstone layers, karst layers, and other media as the primary storage spaces; (3) the "mine water inrush+storage target layer" structure used goaf as the storage target space, enabling re-storage and reuse under conditions of water isolation and sealing. The classification of engineering hydrogeological structure types for mine water storage has been applied to deep geological storage projects of mine water in mining areas such as Ordos in Inner Mongolia and southwestern Shandong. This classification is of great importance for improving the safety and applicability of mine water storage and promoting the comprehensive utilization of mine water resources.