Abstract: The lined high-pressure gas storage cavern has the advantages of high extraction rate and strong circulation capacity, and can withstand higher internal pressure. It overcomes many shortcomings of traditional compressed air energy storage systems and has a wide application. This paper takes the three most important layout parameters including cavern depth, inner diameter and space as influencing factors and uses ABAQUS finite element software to design simulation conditions based on orthogonal test and single-factor experiment. It calculates the displacements of key points and the areas of plastic zones. Suggestions for the optimal layout of caverns are put forward. The results show that the buried depth of the cavern is the most significant factor affecting the deformation of the surrounding rock and the area of the plastic zone, followed by the space and diameter. As the increase of the buried depth, the development area of the plastic zone is effectively restrained, and the plastic zone is mainly developed on the top of the cavern. The restraint effect of high internal pressure on the surrounding rock can be weakened by increasing the space. The maximum tensile stress of the lining is mainly distributed at the top and bottom of the cavern. The stability of the lining is improved when the buried depth increases or the height-to-diameter ratio reduces. The optimal layout of the caverns is that the depth, the diameter and the space are 400 m, 42 m and 60 m, respectively. The results provide a reference for the optimization of the layout and stability analysis of the lined high-pressure gas storage caverns.