Abstract: Xinjiang has a complex and varied geological environment and a fragile and sensitive ecological environment. Under the disturbance of extreme weather and major projects, geological disasters have become frequent and high-incidence. The situation of major geological disaster risks is severe and complex. The main types of geological disasters in Xinjiang are collapse, landslide and debris flow. According to the overall division of susceptibility, it is divided into three prone regions, including high, medium and low. This article systematically summarizes the recent main achievements in Xinjiang in early identification of geological disasters, early warning and prevention, emergency avoidance and etc. from the aspects of geological disaster investigation and evaluation, monitoring and early warning, comprehensive prevention and control, emergency response, social participation, as well as academic research. The problems existing in the prevention and control of geological disasters in Xinjiang include insufficient early identification ability of hidden dangers, weak early warning foundation, insufficient theoretical innovation, and incomplete governance system. This paper aims to address these problems and propose a innovative mechanism for preventing and controlling geological disasters in Xinjiang. The key areas of geological disasters prevention and control in Xinjiang are divided based on the disturbance of major projects. A system including institution organization, source control, comprehensive management and scientific and technological innovation, respectively, should be established to improve the geo-disasters' prevention and control in Xinjiang, which provides a new idea for actively preventing and scientifically responding to geological disasters in Xinjiang.