Abstract: In order to effectively validate and evaluate the persistence and safety of geological carbon sequestration,this study conducted long-term and continuous monitoring of leakage risks in geological carbon sequestration areas,and analyzed the spatio-temporal variation of atmospheric CO₂ concentrations. The research focused on oilfield injection areas with diverse terrain,geomorphology,and differentiated meteorological conditions. Utilizing geological data,CO₂ ground station data,OCO-2 satellite data,and other data sources as the research foundation,the study primarily focused on the oilfield carbon sequestration area in the Junggar Basin of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. An integrated air-ground approach for monitoring the leakage risks of geological carbon sequestration was designed,incorporating a "feature extraction-feature embedding-distance measurement-feature decoding" method to integrate spatial and temporal monitoring data,as well as a network optimization algorithm for deploying surface monitoring sensor nodes with variable density to improve monitoring accuracy. The analysis of OCO-2 carbon satellite data was used to handle the fluctuation background of atmospheric CO₂ natural concentrations in the sequestration area. The localized approximate regression method was employed to gradually approach regression fitting and separate the time series data of surface monitoring,enabling comprehensive and long-term monitoring of local features and concentration gradient fields of surface CO₂ throughout the entire life cycle. The results indicate that the air-ground integrated monitoring method for geologic carbon sequestration leakage,combined with an algorithm that optimizes the deployment of sensing monitoring nodes in CO₂ geological sequestration areas through variable-density network optimization coverage,can effectively optimize the long-term monitoring and tracking of surface leakage scenarios of geologic carbon sequestration by integrating carbon satellite observation data and CO₂ ground station data. This provides a scientific data foundation for the accurate monitoring and early warning of the sequestration leakage process,further confirming the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed air-ground integrated approach for monitoring the risk of geologic carbon sequestration leakage and supporting the implementation of geological carbon-negative innovative technologies and relevant policy-making with important data support.