高速远程滑坡底部裹挟机理研究现状及展望

    RESEARCH ON THE SUBSTRATE ENTRAINMENT DYNAMICS OF ROCK AVALANCHES: STATE-OF-THE-ART

    • 摘要: 高速远程滑坡运动过程中沿途侵蚀、裹挟下伏层物质,影响其流态并控制滑体远程运动的原因,一直是国际滑坡动力学领域长期关注的热点与关键科学问题。聚焦高速远程滑坡底部裹挟减阻机理研究进展,本文对该领域研究成果进行了系统性梳理,首先阐明并高度概括了高速远程滑坡底部裹挟作用所产生的系列典型剖面沉积学特征,包括底辟构造、火焰状构造、剪切带等一系列滑体与下伏层相互作用的“滑坡-构造”形态;其次,从“滑坡-构造”形态的动力学指示研究、裹挟效应的物理力学过程研究及其流变学本构模型研究3个方面对高速远程滑坡底部裹挟效应研究进展进行了系统性的述评。在此基础上,从高速远程滑坡裹挟作用到底是减阻和增阻这一争议性问题出发,分析并讨论了高速远程滑坡底部裹挟效应研究的发展趋势,提出今后高速远程滑坡底部裹挟运动机理研究所面临的深层次科学挑战,并指出应进一步研究的核心科学问题在于:高速远程滑坡侵蚀与裹挟过程的物理力学机制研究、基于“滑坡-构造”形态的裹挟效应时空演化动力学机理研究和运动路径相依的高速远程滑坡流态转化机理研究。

       

      Abstract: The substrate entrainment mechanism of rock avalanches is always a research hotspot and a key scientific issue in the field of landslide dynamics, as it can greatly change the rheological regimes and mobility of avalanche mass by eroding and entraining substrate materials. Focusing on the research of the substrate entrainment mechanisms of rock avalanches, a systematic review of the representative achievements in this field is conducted here. Firstly, the typical sedimentary structures attributed to the interaction between avalanche mass and substrate are summarized in detail, including diapiric structure, flame-like structure, shearing zones, et al. Then, a review of the most significant achievements related to the mechanisms of rock avalanche substrate entrainment effect is carried out. This includes the mechanical implications of the landslide-teconized sedimentary structures in rock avalanches, the physical and mechanical processes related to the entrainment effect of rock avalanches, and studies on rheological constitutive models. Based on these, a controversial issue regarding whether the entrainment process can facilitate the high mobility of rock avalanches is discussed, with some key scientific issues being proposed. These include the mechanics of erosion and entrainment processes in rock avalanches, the substrate entrainment dynamics relying on the spatial and temporal evolutions of landslide-teconized forms, and the transition mechanisms for the path-dependent flow regimes in rock avalanches.

       

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