Abstract: Longde is located in southern Ningxia, which is a serious water shortage area. The economic development is mainly depend on the exploitation of shallow groundwater. Therefore, through sampling and analysis of the test from the three valleys, according to the chemical characteristics of the groundwater and factor analysis, this paper discusses the formation of the district diving mechanisms. The result shows that：Shallow groundwater of the area buries shallow; quiet water depth is 10.3～25.6m; evaporation and concentration effect control the groundwater chemical types. Ion exchange occurs mainly in the valley downstream. The main aquifer mineral is cloud stone, gypsum, salt, which is affected by ground water runoff and aquifer buried condition; the degree of dissolution and precipitation is different; groundwater salinity is low; the chemistry type of groundwater is mainly carbonated and carbonic acid.