Abstract: As the eonomic development in China's Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding region, it is imperative to construct national major strategic projects in high-altitude permafrost areas, the characteristics of whose distribution and engineering geological disasters have great effect on the construction. Based on available research data of and practical construction experiences on plateau permafrost currently, this paper summarizes the relationships between the distribution of high-altitude permafrost and macro controlling conditions(such as climate, altitude, et al.)as well as microscopic effecting factors(for example geology, topography, hydrology and vegetation, et al.).And a review of common geological disaster of permafrost and prevention measures of projects in plateau permafrost zone is conducted, with pointing out the shortcomings in present studies and the possible methods for high-altitude permafrost research.