Abstract: This paper describes the advantages and features of distributed optical fiber sensing technology. According to classifications of ancient Chinese architectures and monitoring requirements, it proposes monitoring program based on distributed optical fiber technology for ancient architectures, including the cable choice, the layout program and the installation process. The paper takes an ancient architecture as a case, and describes the practical application of distributed optical fiber sensing technology. It further proves that the distributed optical fiber sensing technology is a feasible and powerful technique for monitoring and health diagnosis of the ancient architectures.