Abstract: On the basis of the orthogonal experimental design of the ratio of similar materials, this paper prepares different composition and different mix ratios of similar material samples, and measures the thermal conductivity values of each sample.It examines the influences of the changes of moisture content, cement and sand-binder ratio upon the values of thermal conductivity. The results show that the change of moisture content in the samples has a significant impact on the value of thermal conductivity due to the significant difference between the respective thermal conductivity of water and air. The influence caused by the change of cement composition and ratio on the values of thermal conductivity can be ignored since the cement only accounts for a small proportion in the samples and the change of porosity is slightly caused by hydration. Under the interaction between sand and cement, cement composition and ratio can influence the effect of sand-binder ratio change upon thermal conductivity. When the cement consists of lime and gypsum, the factors affecting thermal conductivity are moisture content, sand-binder ratio, and cement composition. As the sand-binder ratio increases, the value of thermal conductivity can rise at a gradually decreasing growth rate. Yet when the cement consists of cement and gypsum, the factors affecting thermal conductivity are moisture content, cement composition, and sand-binder ratio. The change in thermal conductivity can be ignored as the sand-binder ratio increases.