Abstract: The excessive pumping of groundwater is the main cause of land subsidence, and artificial recharge can delay the land subsidence rate and can make the ground rebound to a certain extent. To study the law of soil deformation in precipitation and recharge process, this paper designs the indoor model test of sandy soil-clay-sandy soil sand interbed model tests. The model test selected specific fiber, studied the technology of embedded optical fiber, using distributed optical fiber sensing technology to capture the strain data in each layer of soil during the water level change process; using the results of traditional settlement pole and measuring tube of water level monitoring the change of settlement deformation and free water surface. The experiment analyses the accuracy and reliability of soil deformation monitoring by using distributed sensing fiber through comparing with the monitoring results and studying the response law of soil deformation under the effect of the changing water levels. The research results provide the experimental basis for the rational analysis of the long term observation data of groundwater level and soil deformation, and is helpful to promote the application of distributed optical fiber sensing technology in the field monitoring of land subsidence.