Abstract: The climate of the north area of downstream of Kongque river in Xinjiang belongs to the typical north temperate continental arid climate, drought and rainless, but evaporation is large, therefore the groundwater resource of this area is lacking and the water quality is worst, and then restricts the development and utilization of mineral resources of this area. In this paper, the groundwater distribution and hydrochemical characteristics in the north area of downstream of KongQue river are studied, and the causes are analyzed. The results show that the distribution of groundwater in the study area is uneven, in the northwestern mountainous area rainfall is rich, and the supply condition is good, and then the water is rich and the quality is better in the intermountain depression, fracture and the fault position, the TDS 0.8~2.0gL-1,hydrochemical type is SO4-Cl-Na-Ca, SO4-Cl-Na, SO4-Na; in the southeast rainless area, groundwater resource is lacking. If have a certain condition, there also form a water-rich area in some resistance water fault, but the TDS is larger than 10gL-1, and hydrochemical type is Cl-Na.