王宏胜, 唐朝生, 巩学鹏, 王鹏, 顾凯, 李金文, 施斌. 2018: 生物炭修复重金属污染土研究进展. 工程地质学报, 26(4): 1064-1077. DOI: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2017-360
    引用本文: 王宏胜, 唐朝生, 巩学鹏, 王鹏, 顾凯, 李金文, 施斌. 2018: 生物炭修复重金属污染土研究进展. 工程地质学报, 26(4): 1064-1077. DOI: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2017-360
    WANG Hongsheng, TANG Chaosheng, GONG Xuepeng, WANG Peng, GU Kai, LI Jinwen, SHI Bin. 2018: RESEARCH PROGRESSES IN REMEDIATION OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATED SOILS WITH BIOCHAR. JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY, 26(4): 1064-1077. DOI: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2017-360
    Citation: WANG Hongsheng, TANG Chaosheng, GONG Xuepeng, WANG Peng, GU Kai, LI Jinwen, SHI Bin. 2018: RESEARCH PROGRESSES IN REMEDIATION OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATED SOILS WITH BIOCHAR. JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY, 26(4): 1064-1077. DOI: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2017-360

    生物炭修复重金属污染土研究进展

    RESEARCH PROGRESSES IN REMEDIATION OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATED SOILS WITH BIOCHAR

    • 摘要: 随着城市化进程的加快及工业生产的迅速发展,土壤重金属污染日益加剧,对生态环境造成严重的危害。生物炭是缺氧或限氧条件下加热生物质制得的高度芳香化富含碳的固态物质,其在重金属污染土修复方面具有显著效果,受到广泛关注。基于近些年来国内外围绕生物炭修复重金属污染土所取得的研究成果,分别从生物炭的制备及性质、修复效果及其影响因素、修复机理等方面总结了该领域的研究现状及进展,取得如下主要认识:(1)生物炭具有价格低廉,修复效率高,改良土壤、环境友好等优势;(2)生物炭的理化性质主要受原材料和热解温度的影响,采用活化、磁化、氧化和消化等方法能改善生物炭的性质,提高修复效率;(3)生物炭对土壤中重金属迁移性和生物有效性的影响包括两个方面:固定重金属减少生物有效性或者迁移重金属增加生物有效性,后者可通过改性方法来降低重金属的迁移性和生物有效性;(4)生物炭对土体的固化效果一般,但可与其他固化材料共同使用,以改善土体的力学性质;(5)生物炭修复机理固定重金属的效果为:沉淀作用>络合作用>静电作用,离子交换>物理吸附。最后,针对该领域的研究现状,提出了未来的研究重点和方向,主要包括:建立划分生物炭的统一标准;探讨生物炭对多种重金属共同污染的修复效率;阐明生物炭吸附重金属的机理及其贡献率;扩大研究尺度;开展基于生物炭的固化试验及力学性质研究。

       

      Abstract: With the acceleration of the urbanization process and the rapid development of industrial production, soil heavy metal pollution is increasing seriously, which is causing serious harm to the ecological environment. Biochar is a solid material containing high fractions of aromatic functional groups and carbon. It is produced through thermal degradation under anoxic or oxygen-limited conditions. It attracts extensive attention because of significant effect in the remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals. Based on the recent research achievements on biochar remediate heavy metals contaminated soil at home and abroad, the advances of some important aspects on, the research current situation and progress are summarized from several important aspects. They include production and properties of biochar, remediation effect and influencing factors and adsorption mechanism. The follows are shown. (1)Biochar has the advantages of low prices, high efficiency, soil improvement and friendly environment. (2)The physicochemical properties of biochar are affected by biomass materials and pyrolysis temperatures. Activation, magnetization, oxidation and digestion can improve the properties of biochar and efficiency of remediation. (3)The effect of biochar on heavy metal mobility and bioavailability includes two aspects:immobilizing heavy metals to reduce bioavailability or mobilizing heavy metals to increase bioavailability. The latter can be modified to reduce the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals. (4)The effect of biochar on soil solidification is general, combining with other solidifying materials to improve the mechanical properties of solidified soil. (5)The effect remediation mechanism of biochar immobilized heavy metals is ranked as follows:precipitation > complexation > electrostatic interaction and ion exchange > physical adsorption. Finally, on account of research status in this field, some important research emphases and directions in the future are proposed. They mainly include establishing a uniform classification criterion of biochar, exploring the efficiency of biochar on multi-heavy metals pollution, illustrating the mechanism and contribution rate of adsorbing heavy metals by biochar, expanding the research scale, and carrying out solidification experiment and mechanical property research based on biochar.

       

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