陈薪硕,李守定,张晓静,等. 2021. 行星地质工程原位测试方法[J]. 工程地质学报,29(5):1525-1544. doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2021-0532.
    引用本文: 陈薪硕,李守定,张晓静,等. 2021. 行星地质工程原位测试方法[J]. 工程地质学报,29(5):1525-1544. doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2021-0532.
    Chen Xinshuo, Li Shouding, Zhang Xiaojing, et al. 2021. In-situ testing method for planetary geological engineering[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 29(5): 1525-1544. doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2021-0532.
    Citation: Chen Xinshuo, Li Shouding, Zhang Xiaojing, et al. 2021. In-situ testing method for planetary geological engineering[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 29(5): 1525-1544. doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2021-0532.

    行星地质工程原位测试方法

    IN-SITU TESTING METHOD FOR PLANETARY GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

    • 摘要: 作为行星地质学与行星工程学的交叉学科,行星地质工程学科直接支撑行星探测、行星科研站与基地建设、行星资源开发与未来人类移居,相关研究已迫在眉睫。与地球相比,行星地质体在物质、结构与环境3个方面存在较大差异,决定着行星地质体工程特性与地球具有很大的差别,开展行星地质工程原位测试是准确获取行星地质体工程特性的最直接方式。文章把月球探测和火星探测任务中地质工程原位测试方法分为5类:触探试验、铲斗试验、钻探试验、地球物理探测和摄影测量,分别分析了各类原位测试方法的原理与科学载荷,对比各种方法中不同测试仪器的差异;利用月球工程特性原位测试结果梳理总结了月壤工程特性,包括粒度分布、密度、孔隙比、抗剪性、压缩性和承载力,分析了月壤和火壤工程特性的变化规律,并指出了与地球土壤物理力学特性的差异;未来应以行星探测任务为载体,结合地面低重力模拟测试平台和物理力学本构理论研究,研制小型轻量、自动智能的工程特性原位测试科学载荷,获取更加准确的行星土壤和岩石的工程特性参数,支撑月球科研站、基地建设和火星取样返回等深空探测任务。

       

      Abstract: As an interdisciplinary subject of planetary geology and planetary engineering,the subject of planetary geological engineering directly supports the construction of planetary research stations and bases,the development of planetary resources and the future migration of humans. Thus,the related research is imminent. Compared with the earth,planetary rock and soil are quite different in material,structure and environment,which determine that the engineering characteristics of planetary rock and soil are very different. In-situ testing of planetary geological engineering is the most direct way to accurately obtain the engineering parameters of planetary rock and soil. The article reviewed the geological engineering in-situ testing methods during lunar and martian exploration missions,analyzed the differences of method and apparatus. These testing methods are classificated into penetration test,bucket test,drilling test,geophysical exploration and photogrammetry. The in-situ test results of lunar physical and mechanical characteristics were summarized as: particle size distribution,density,void ratio,shear resistance,compressibility and bearing capacity. We pointed out the difference in the physical and mechanical properties between lunar soil and earth soil. In the future,based on the ground low-gravity simulation test platform and the physical and mechanical constitutive theory research,we should develop miniaturized and lightweight in-situ test instruments with high level automation and intelligence,and obtain more accurate engineering data for subsequent construction of lunar scientific research stations and bases.

       

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