Abstract: This paper describes briefly the main contents of the Rock Mass Structure Control Theory put forward by Gu Dezhen in the 1970s,the Geological Environment Theory put forward by Wang Sijing in the 1990s and the Engineering Geology Coupling Theory put forward by Li Guangcheng at the beginning of this century. It expounds the relations of the inheritance and development of the three theories. The three theories are compared in terms of put forward time,objects of study,contents of study,controlling factors,basic ideas,disciplines involved and thought categories. According to the three theories,the paper finally analyzes two engineering cases. One case is the selection of underground powerhouse location of Ming Tombs pumped storage power station. The second is the selection of Zipingpu dam location and its axis direction as well as the adopted engineering measures.