Abstract: Using the method of historical analysis, the process of Xian ground rupture from the Cenozoic era is analyzed. A sequence of the ground fissure events is set up. During the study, geophysical survey, thermolumiescence dating, and inspection of old buildings were conducted . The ground fissures are discussed from geologic history, historical records of earthquakes and present time. Based on seismic effect in the ground fissure field, the risk from ground fissure event is predicted for future fifty years.The result is useful for Xian city planning and provides a basis for prevention of buildings in ground fissure zone.