Abstract: Soil deformation monitoring plays an important role in damage prevention of land deformation. In this paper, distributed monitoring model tests using airbag method are carried out to study the development of land deformation. The technical principles and test program of distributed fiber optic monitoring are introduced and the monitoring results under different conditions are analyzed. These results indicate that the distributed optical fiber monitoring technology can be effectively used to the deformation monitoring of soil under different conditions. The formation of arched area and land deformation can be located by thesaddle type strain distribution curve. This technology can be applied to monitor the soil deformation during the development of land deformation.